3 Engineering IoT Networks
109
Nowadays, there are mainly three types of standards [6]:
• de facto: those standards that are followed by informal convention or dominant
usage.
• de jure: those standards that are part of legally binding contracts, laws or
regulations
• voluntary: those standards which are published and available for people to
consider for use.
3GPP
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) unites seven telecommunications
standard development organizations (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA,
TTC), known as “Organizational Partners” and provides their members with a
stable environment to produce the Reports and Specifications that define 3GPP
technologies [7]. The project covers cellular telecommunications network technologies, including radio access, the core transport network, and service capabilities
– including work on codecs, security, and quality of service – and thus provides
complete system specifications. The specifications also provide hooks for non-radio
access to the core network and for interworking with Wi-Fi networks.
ITU
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the
United Nations (UN) that is responsible for issues that concern information and
communication technologies [8]. ITU coordinates the shared global use of the radio
spectrum, promotes international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, works to
improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world, and assists in
the development and coordination of worldwide technical standards [9].
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association
with a special interest in electrical and electronic engineering, telecommunications,
computer engineering, and related disciplines [10]. All working groups address
standardization. The most relevant working group for this chapter is 802 and, in
particular, 802.11 (Wi-Fi) and 802.15 (personal area networks).
ISO
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an independent, nongovernmental organization promoting the development of proprietary, industrial,
and commercial standards [11]. It is the world’s largest developer of voluntary
109
Nowadays, there are mainly three types of standards [6]:
• de facto: those standards that are followed by informal convention or dominant
usage.
• de jure: those standards that are part of legally binding contracts, laws or
regulations
• voluntary: those standards which are published and available for people to
consider for use.
3GPP
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) unites seven telecommunications
standard development organizations (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA,
TTC), known as “Organizational Partners” and provides their members with a
stable environment to produce the Reports and Specifications that define 3GPP
technologies [7]. The project covers cellular telecommunications network technologies, including radio access, the core transport network, and service capabilities
– including work on codecs, security, and quality of service – and thus provides
complete system specifications. The specifications also provide hooks for non-radio
access to the core network and for interworking with Wi-Fi networks.
ITU
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the
United Nations (UN) that is responsible for issues that concern information and
communication technologies [8]. ITU coordinates the shared global use of the radio
spectrum, promotes international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, works to
improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world, and assists in
the development and coordination of worldwide technical standards [9].
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association
with a special interest in electrical and electronic engineering, telecommunications,
computer engineering, and related disciplines [10]. All working groups address
standardization. The most relevant working group for this chapter is 802 and, in
particular, 802.11 (Wi-Fi) and 802.15 (personal area networks).
ISO
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an independent, nongovernmental organization promoting the development of proprietary, industrial,
and commercial standards [11]. It is the world’s largest developer of voluntary