Series Preface ....................................................................................................... xiii

Preface .....................................................................................................................xv

Authors ................................................................................................................ xvii

1. Fundamentals of Electric Capacitors ..........................................................1

1.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................1

1.1.1
History.......................................................................................1

1.2 Electric Charge, Electric Field, and Electric Potential and
Their Implications for Capacitor Cell Voltage ...................................2

1.2.1
Electric Charge .........................................................................2

1.2.2 Electric Field and Potential .....................................................4

1.2.3 Implication of Electric Potential in Capacitor Cell

Voltage ....................................................................................5

1.3 Capacitance Definition and Calculation ............................................6

1.3.1 Dielectric Materials and Constants .......................................9

1.3.1.1 Dielectric Polarization Mechanisms.................... 11

1.3.1.2 Ceramic Dielectrics and Their Capacitors .......... 11

1.3.1.3 Electrolytic Dielectrics and Their Capacitors ..... 12

1.3.1.4 Paper and Polymer Dielectrics and Their
Capacitors ................................................................ 13

1.3.1.5 Classification of Dielectric Materials................... 13

1.4 Capacitor Charging and Recharging Processes ............................. 15

1.4.1 DC and AC Currents ............................................................. 15

1.4.2 Charging of Capacitor: RC Time ......................................... 17

1.4.3 Discharge of Capacitor.......................................................... 18

1.5 Energy Storage in Capacitor .............................................................. 20

1.6 Capacitor Containing Electrical Circuits and Corresponding
Calculation ........................................................................................... 21

1.6.1 Circuit Resistors ..................................................................... 21

1.6.2 Circuit Capacitors .................................................................. 21

1.6.3
Inductors ................................................................................. 23

1.6.4
Resistor–Inductor Circuits.................................................... 23

1.6.5
Inductor–Capacitor Circuits................................................. 25

1.6.5 Resistor–Inductor–Capacitor Circuits ................................. 26

1.6.6 Resistive, Capacitive, and Inductive Loads for AC

Circuits .................................................................................... 27

1.6.6.1 Series Resistor–Inductor–Capacitor Circuit ....... 28

1.6.6.2 RLC Circuits Having Other R, L, and C

Combinations .......................................................... 31

Contents

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