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10. Conway, B. E. 1999. Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Scientific Fundamentals and
Technological Applications, New York: Kluwer.
11. Bisquert, J. 2000. Influence of the boundaries in the impedance of porous film
electrodes. Physical Chemistry–Chemical Physics, 2, 4185–4192.
12. Zhou, W. and Z. L. Wang. 2006. Scanning Microscopy for Nanotechnology:
Techniques and Applications, Berlin: Springer, 1–32.
13. Wells, O. C. 1974. Scanning Electron Microscopy, New York: McGraw Hill, 1–13.
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Chemistry-Chemical Physics, 9, 1714–1785.
16. Yu, A. et al. 2010. Ultrathin, transparent, and flexible graphene films for supercapacitor application. Applied Physics Letters, 96, 35.
17. Williams, D. B. and C. B. Carter. 2004. Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook
for Materials Science, New York: Springer, 141.
18. Reimer, L., and H. Kohl. 2008. Transmission Electron Microscopy Physics of Image
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20. Egerton, R. F. Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy: An Introduction to TEM,
SEM and AEM, New York: Springer, 11–16.
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using novel ordered mesoporous tungsten oxide materials with high electrical
conductivity. Proceedings of Royal Society of Chemistry, 47, 1021–1023.
22. Miller, J. M. et al. 1998. Deposition of ruthenium nanoparticles on carbon aerogels
for high energy density supercapacitor electrodes. Journal of the Electrochemical
Society, 144, 309–311.
23. Reddy, A. L. M. et al. 2008. Asymmetric flexible supercapacitor stack. Nanoscale
Research Letters, 3, 145–151.
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25. Clark, C. M. and B. L. Dutrow. X-ray Powder Diffraction (online). http://serc.
carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html
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26. Group, E. A.
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27. Moeck, P.
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lcc/spip.php?article120 [accessed March 28, 2012].
29. Nam, K. W., W. S. Yoon, and K. B. Kim. 2002. X-ray absorption spectroscopy
studies of nickel oxide electrodes for supercapacitors. Electrochimica Acta, 47,
3201–3209.
30. Dong, X. et al. 2006. MnO 2 -embedded-in-mesoporous-carbon-wall structure for
use as electrochemical capacitors. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110, 6015–6019.
313
Characterization and Diagnosis Techniques
New York: Springer.
9. Zhang, L. and J. Zhang. 2011. Supercapacitor cell structure optimization. NRC
unpublished data.
10. Conway, B. E. 1999. Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Scientific Fundamentals and
Technological Applications, New York: Kluwer.
11. Bisquert, J. 2000. Influence of the boundaries in the impedance of porous film
electrodes. Physical Chemistry–Chemical Physics, 2, 4185–4192.
12. Zhou, W. and Z. L. Wang. 2006. Scanning Microscopy for Nanotechnology:
Techniques and Applications, Berlin: Springer, 1–32.
13. Wells, O. C. 1974. Scanning Electron Microscopy, New York: McGraw Hill, 1–13.
14. Scanning Electron Microscopy (online). http://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/SEM.html [accessed March 27, 2012].
15. Frackowiak, E. 2007. Carbon materials of supercapacitor application. Physical
Chemistry-Chemical Physics, 9, 1714–1785.
16. Yu, A. et al. 2010. Ultrathin, transparent, and flexible graphene films for supercapacitor application. Applied Physics Letters, 96, 35.
17. Williams, D. B. and C. B. Carter. 2004. Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook
for Materials Science, New York: Springer, 141.
18. Reimer, L., and H. Kohl. 2008. Transmission Electron Microscopy Physics of Image
Formation, New York: Springer. 1–15.
19. The Transmitted Electron Microscope (online). http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/physics/microscopes/tem/index.html [accessed March 17, 2012].
20. Egerton, R. F. Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy: An Introduction to TEM,
SEM and AEM, New York: Springer, 11–16.
21. Yoon, S. et al. 2011. Development of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
using novel ordered mesoporous tungsten oxide materials with high electrical
conductivity. Proceedings of Royal Society of Chemistry, 47, 1021–1023.
22. Miller, J. M. et al. 1998. Deposition of ruthenium nanoparticles on carbon aerogels
for high energy density supercapacitor electrodes. Journal of the Electrochemical
Society, 144, 309–311.
23. Reddy, A. L. M. et al. 2008. Asymmetric flexible supercapacitor stack. Nanoscale
Research Letters, 3, 145–151.
24. Introduction to X-ray Diffraction (online). http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/mrl/centralfacilities/xray/xray-basics/index.html [accessed March 20, 2012].
25. Clark, C. M. and B. L. Dutrow. X-ray Powder Diffraction (online). http://serc.
carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html
(accessed March 20, 2012].
26. Group, E. A.
X-ray Diffraction (online). http://www.eaglabs.com/mc/x-raydiffraction.html [accessed March 20, 2012].
27. Moeck, P.
X-ray Diffraction (online). http://web.pdx.edu/~pmoeck/phy381/
Topic5a-XRD.pdf [accessed March 20, 2012].
28. Vandier, L. X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory (online). http://www.lcc-toulouse.fr/
lcc/spip.php?article120 [accessed March 28, 2012].
29. Nam, K. W., W. S. Yoon, and K. B. Kim. 2002. X-ray absorption spectroscopy
studies of nickel oxide electrodes for supercapacitors. Electrochimica Acta, 47,
3201–3209.
30. Dong, X. et al. 2006. MnO 2 -embedded-in-mesoporous-carbon-wall structure for
use as electrochemical capacitors. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110, 6015–6019.
313
Characterization and Diagnosis Techniques