U.S. Patent No. (Date)
Author/Assignee
Electrolyte Materials
10
20050211136 (09/25/2003)
Non-aqueous solvent system for electrolyte use
Drummond, Calum John;
includes low and high boiling point components. The
Nguyen, Hung Chi; Wade,
low boiling component is a nitrile, preferably
Timothy Lawrence/
acetonitrile. The high boiling component is a lactone
Energy Storage Systems
such as y-butyrolactone or an organic carbonate such
Pty Ltd., Australia
as ethylene carbonate. Non-aqueous solvent includes
acetonitrile, γ-butyrolactone, and ethylene carbonate in
a mole ratio of 3:1.72:1. The described supercapacitor
reported an ESR of no more than 784 mΩ·cm 2 at 85°C
and no more than 946 mΩ·cm 2 at 23°C.
11
6669860 (04/04/2001)
Solid electrolyte using polyvinylidene fluoride polymer
Maruyama, Satoshi; Suzuki,
dissolved in solvent such as dimethylacetamide,
Hisashi; Sakurai, Kozo;
dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and
Kujira, Masakatsu;
dimethyl sulfoxide Is then cast into film. Preferred
Yamamoto, Takamasa/
porosity of films is 70 to 80% and preferred pore
TDK Corporation/Toyo
diameter is 0.02 to 2 μm. Film is then immersed in
Roshi Kaisha, Ltd., Japan
solution of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate,
or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
12
6219222 (03/29/2000)
Water and ethylene glycol are mixed to create solvent
Shah, Ashish; Scheuer,
used to dissolve ionic salt with ammonium cation.
Christina; Miller, Lauren;
Acid or acids can be used as additive to achieve
Muffoletto, Barry C./
desired supercapacitor conditions. Electrolyte is
Wilson Greatbatch Ltd.,
composed 0 to 85 wt% deionized water, 0 to 95 wt%
U.S.
ethylene glycol, 0 to 80 wt% acetic acid, 0 to 6 wt%
phosphoric acid, and 0 to 50 wt% ammonium acetate.
13
5973913 (02/18/1999)
Non-aqueous electrolytes containing salts of alkyl
McEwen, Alan B.; Evans,
substituted cyclic delocalized aromatic cations. Certain
David A.; Blakley, Thomas
–
polyatomic anions, preferably PF 6 are dissolved in high
J.; Goldman, Jay L./
conducting organic liquids such as alkyl carbonate
Covalent Associates,
solvents or liquid SO 2 at concentrations >1 M. Salt of
Inc., U.S.
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and hexafluorophosphate
(PF 6
– ) is reported to have high conductivity of less than
13 mS/cm, electrochemical stability >2.5 V, and high
thermal stability >100°C. High capacitance of >100 F/g
is obtained when used with activated carbon electrodes.
14
5986878 (09/25/1997)
Electrolyte is formed from a poly (isopoly or
Li, Changming; Reuss,
heteropoly) acid. Specific examples are
Robert H./Motorola,
phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and phosphomolybdic
Inc., U.S.
acid (PMA) for which conductivities of 17 and 18 mS/
cm, respectively, were reported.
238
Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery
TABLE 5.3 (CONTINUED)
Patent Survey of Electrolyte Developments for Use in Electrochemical Capacitors
Author/Assignee
Electrolyte Materials
10
20050211136 (09/25/2003)
Non-aqueous solvent system for electrolyte use
Drummond, Calum John;
includes low and high boiling point components. The
Nguyen, Hung Chi; Wade,
low boiling component is a nitrile, preferably
Timothy Lawrence/
acetonitrile. The high boiling component is a lactone
Energy Storage Systems
such as y-butyrolactone or an organic carbonate such
Pty Ltd., Australia
as ethylene carbonate. Non-aqueous solvent includes
acetonitrile, γ-butyrolactone, and ethylene carbonate in
a mole ratio of 3:1.72:1. The described supercapacitor
reported an ESR of no more than 784 mΩ·cm 2 at 85°C
and no more than 946 mΩ·cm 2 at 23°C.
11
6669860 (04/04/2001)
Solid electrolyte using polyvinylidene fluoride polymer
Maruyama, Satoshi; Suzuki,
dissolved in solvent such as dimethylacetamide,
Hisashi; Sakurai, Kozo;
dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and
Kujira, Masakatsu;
dimethyl sulfoxide Is then cast into film. Preferred
Yamamoto, Takamasa/
porosity of films is 70 to 80% and preferred pore
TDK Corporation/Toyo
diameter is 0.02 to 2 μm. Film is then immersed in
Roshi Kaisha, Ltd., Japan
solution of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate,
or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
12
6219222 (03/29/2000)
Water and ethylene glycol are mixed to create solvent
Shah, Ashish; Scheuer,
used to dissolve ionic salt with ammonium cation.
Christina; Miller, Lauren;
Acid or acids can be used as additive to achieve
Muffoletto, Barry C./
desired supercapacitor conditions. Electrolyte is
Wilson Greatbatch Ltd.,
composed 0 to 85 wt% deionized water, 0 to 95 wt%
U.S.
ethylene glycol, 0 to 80 wt% acetic acid, 0 to 6 wt%
phosphoric acid, and 0 to 50 wt% ammonium acetate.
13
5973913 (02/18/1999)
Non-aqueous electrolytes containing salts of alkyl
McEwen, Alan B.; Evans,
substituted cyclic delocalized aromatic cations. Certain
David A.; Blakley, Thomas
–
polyatomic anions, preferably PF 6 are dissolved in high
J.; Goldman, Jay L./
conducting organic liquids such as alkyl carbonate
Covalent Associates,
solvents or liquid SO 2 at concentrations >1 M. Salt of
Inc., U.S.
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and hexafluorophosphate
(PF 6
– ) is reported to have high conductivity of less than
13 mS/cm, electrochemical stability >2.5 V, and high
thermal stability >100°C. High capacitance of >100 F/g
is obtained when used with activated carbon electrodes.
14
5986878 (09/25/1997)
Electrolyte is formed from a poly (isopoly or
Li, Changming; Reuss,
heteropoly) acid. Specific examples are
Robert H./Motorola,
phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and phosphomolybdic
Inc., U.S.
acid (PMA) for which conductivities of 17 and 18 mS/
cm, respectively, were reported.
238
Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery
TABLE 5.3 (CONTINUED)
Patent Survey of Electrolyte Developments for Use in Electrochemical Capacitors