186
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TABLE 4.9
L
Electrochemical Stability
Conductivity
Cathodic Limit
Anodic Limit
ΔU
Working
σ at 25°C
Ionic Liquid
(V)
(V)
(V)
Electrode
Reference
(mS cm –1
)
Imidazolium
[EtMeIm] +
[BF
4 ] –
–2.1
2.2
4.3
Pt
Ag/Ag +
, DMSO
14.0
–
[EtMeIm] +
[CF
3 SO
3 ] –
–1.8
2.3
4.1
Pt
I –
/I
3
8.6
[EtMeIm] +
[N(CF
3 SO
2 )
2 ] –
–2.0
2.1
4.1
Pt, GC
Ag
8.8
[EtMeIm] +
[(CN)
2 N] –
–1.6
1.4
3.0
Pt
Ag
–
[BuMeIm] +
[BF
4 ] –
–1.6
3.0
4.6
Pt
Pt
3.5
[BuMeIm] +
[PF
6 ] –
–1.9
2.5
4.4
Pt
Ag/Ag +
, DMSO
1.8
[BuMeIm] +
[N(CF
3 SO
2 )
2 ] –
–2.0
2.6
4.6
Pt
Ag/Ag +
, DMSO
3.9
[PrMeMeIm] +
[N(CF
3 SO
2 )
2 ] –
–1.9
2.3
4.2
GC
Ag
3.0
[PrMeMeIm] +
[C(CF
3 SO
2 )
3 ] –
5.4
5.4
GC
Li/Li +
–
Pyrrolidinium
[nPrMePyrrol] +
[N(CF
3 SO
2 )
2 ] –
–2.5
2.8
5.3
Pt
Ag
1.4
[nBuMePyrrol] +
[N(CF
3 SO
2 )
2 ] –
–3.0
2.5
5.5
GC
Ag/Ag +
2.2
[nBuMePyrrol] +
[N(CF
3 SO
2 )
2 ]
–3.0
3.0
6.0
Graphite
Ag/Ag +
–
Tetraalkylammonium
[nMe
3 BuN] +
[N(CF
3 SO
2 )
2 ] –
–2.0
2.0
4.0
Carbon
1.4
[nPrMe
3 N] +
[N(CF
3 SO
2 )
2 ] –
–3.2
2.5
5.7
GC
Fc/Fc +
3.3
[nOctEt
3 N] +
[N(CF
3 SO
2 )
2 ] –
5.0
GC
0.33
[nOctBu
3 N] +
[N(CF
3 SO
2 )
2 ] –
5.0
GC
0.13
Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery