cooperative government framework that mainly involves the UNEP and the GFCM
(Rochette et al. 2015).
Aforementioned regional oceans governance mechanisms present in the Alboran
Sea provide a very general framework that needs to be specified in the geographical
levels that involve riparian countries of the Alboran Sea (Spain—EU—(GSA 1 and
GSA 2), Morocco (GSA 3), and Algeria (GSA 3)).
The management of the Northern Alboran Sea territorial water of Spain is under
the umbrella of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) (Regulation (EU) No. 1380/
2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013) and a
general framework concerning management measures for the sustainable exploitation of fishery resources in the Mediterranean Sea (Council Regulation (EC) No.
1967/2006 of 21 December 2006). Further progress is being achieved to implement a
maritime spatial planning action at the latest by 31 March 2021, considering
economic, social, and environmental aspects to support sustainable development
and growth in the maritime sector, in particular through an ecosystem-based
approach, and promoting the coexistence of relevant activities and uses of seas
and oceans (Directive 2014/89/UE of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 23 July 2014).
General fisheries management measures of the EU in the Alboran Sea (GSA 1 and
GSA 2) are mainly implemented by community-level management plans at a
regional scale which mainly focus on fishing effort controls that are later specified
by member states involved and the adoption of management plans. These plans are
designed for fisheries conducted by trawl nets, boat seines, shore seines, surrounding
nets, and dredges within their territorial waters. EU fisheries management is subject
to the scientific advice provided by the Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF).
Fisheries management of the EU in the Alboran Sea also involves a comprehensive set of fishing gear restrictions and technical measures. The latter consists of
defining technical minimum size of marine organisms, the protection of certain
species and area closures to protect habitats
2 , or the creation of marine protected
areas (MPA). MPAs currently are those included in the list of Specially Protected
Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI), namely, Alboran Island, Natural Park
of Cabo de Gata-Nijar, Sea Bottom of the Levante of Almeria, and Maro-Cerro
Gordo Cliffs.
There are currently two community-level management plans in force in the
Alboran Sea area:
– Measures for the recovery of eel in estuaries and rivers that flow into the Alboran
Sea (Council Regulation (EC) No. 1100/2007 of 18 September 2007)
2 Fishing above coralligenous bottoms and seagrass beds, especially Posidonia oceanica which is
present from the Malaga Bay to the limit of the Alboran Sea with relevant concentrations of this
seagrass in Almeria coast.
22 Fisheries Economics and Management Under the Impact of Human and Varying. . .
755
(Rochette et al. 2015).
Aforementioned regional oceans governance mechanisms present in the Alboran
Sea provide a very general framework that needs to be specified in the geographical
levels that involve riparian countries of the Alboran Sea (Spain—EU—(GSA 1 and
GSA 2), Morocco (GSA 3), and Algeria (GSA 3)).
The management of the Northern Alboran Sea territorial water of Spain is under
the umbrella of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) (Regulation (EU) No. 1380/
2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013) and a
general framework concerning management measures for the sustainable exploitation of fishery resources in the Mediterranean Sea (Council Regulation (EC) No.
1967/2006 of 21 December 2006). Further progress is being achieved to implement a
maritime spatial planning action at the latest by 31 March 2021, considering
economic, social, and environmental aspects to support sustainable development
and growth in the maritime sector, in particular through an ecosystem-based
approach, and promoting the coexistence of relevant activities and uses of seas
and oceans (Directive 2014/89/UE of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 23 July 2014).
General fisheries management measures of the EU in the Alboran Sea (GSA 1 and
GSA 2) are mainly implemented by community-level management plans at a
regional scale which mainly focus on fishing effort controls that are later specified
by member states involved and the adoption of management plans. These plans are
designed for fisheries conducted by trawl nets, boat seines, shore seines, surrounding
nets, and dredges within their territorial waters. EU fisheries management is subject
to the scientific advice provided by the Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF).
Fisheries management of the EU in the Alboran Sea also involves a comprehensive set of fishing gear restrictions and technical measures. The latter consists of
defining technical minimum size of marine organisms, the protection of certain
species and area closures to protect habitats
2 , or the creation of marine protected
areas (MPA). MPAs currently are those included in the list of Specially Protected
Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI), namely, Alboran Island, Natural Park
of Cabo de Gata-Nijar, Sea Bottom of the Levante of Almeria, and Maro-Cerro
Gordo Cliffs.
There are currently two community-level management plans in force in the
Alboran Sea area:
– Measures for the recovery of eel in estuaries and rivers that flow into the Alboran
Sea (Council Regulation (EC) No. 1100/2007 of 18 September 2007)
2 Fishing above coralligenous bottoms and seagrass beds, especially Posidonia oceanica which is
present from the Malaga Bay to the limit of the Alboran Sea with relevant concentrations of this
seagrass in Almeria coast.
22 Fisheries Economics and Management Under the Impact of Human and Varying. . .
755