processes and shorter-scale features of the regional hydrodynamics, which is particularly the case in the Alboran Sea. At a global scale and given the expected
northward expansion of suitable habitats of many marine species due to the temperature increase as a consequence of climate change, transboundary populations, and
shared stocks are expected to augment worldwide (Pinsky et al. 2018). However, this
is not likely the case in the Alboran Sea. Indeed, increasing temperature could
diminish the likelihood of accomplished connectivity in the Mediterranean Sea
since higher temperatures are expected to change the spatiotemporal dynamics of
spawners as well as the PLD, which in turn would decrease the distance dispersed
and the link among subpopulations and MPAs (Andrello et al. 2015). This later
effect could be expected in the Alboran Sea. Additionally, biological characteristics
of drifting larvae as growth and age, otolith isotope markers, and the population
genetics must be integrated into biophysical models in order to confirm connectivity
between fish populations and to cope with different spatiotemporal scales. It is
particularly relevant for Atlantic-Mediterranean fish stock connectivity, a central
issue in this area for which primary tools for the model construction are available
from the researchers in the region (Garcia et al. this book).
References
Alemany F, Quintanilla L, Velez-Belchi P, Garcia A, Cortes D, Rodriguez JM, De Puelles MLF,
Gonzalez-Pola C, Lopez-Jurado JL (2010) Characterization of the spawning habitat of Atlantic
bluefin tuna and related species in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean). Prog Oceanogr 86
(1):21–38
Allen JT, Smeed DA, Tintore J, Ruiz S (2001) Mesoscale subduction at the Almeria–Oran front:
Part 1: ageostrophic flow. J Mar Syst 30(3):263–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(01)
00062-8
Alvarez-Salgado XA, Doval MD, Borges AV, Joint I, Frankignoulle M, Woodward EMS, Figueiras
FG (2001) Off-shelf fluxes of labile materials by an upwelling filament in the NW Iberian
Upwelling System. Prog Oceanogr 51:321–337
Andrello M, Guilhaumon F, Albouy C, Parravicini V, Scholtens J, Verley P, Barange M, Sumaila
UR, Manel S, Mouillot D (2017) Global mismatch between fishing dependency and larval
supply from marine reserves. Nat Commun 8:16039. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16039
Andrello M, Mouillot D, Beuvier J, Albouy C, Thuiller W, Manel S (2013) Low connectivity
between Mediterranean marine protected areas: a biophysical modeling approach for the dusky
grouper Epinephelus marginatus. PLoS One 8(7):e68564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.
0068564
Andrello M, Mouillot D, Somot S, Thuiller W, Manel S (2015) Additive effects of climate change
on connectivity between marine protected areas and larval supply to fished areas. Divers Distrib
21(2):139–150
Armi L, Farmer DM (1985) The internal hydraulics of the strait of gibraltar and associated sills and
narrows. Oceanol Acta 8:37–46
Armi L, Farmer DM (1988) The flow of Mediterranean water through the Strait of Gibraltar. Progr.
Oceanogr. 21(1):1–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(88)90055-9
Bakun A (1996) Patterns in the ocean: ocean processes and marine population dynamics. Univ.
California Sea Grant, San Diego, CIBNOR, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, California,
USA, 323 pp
12 Biophysical Processes Determining the Connectivity of the Alboran Sea Fish. . .
481
northward expansion of suitable habitats of many marine species due to the temperature increase as a consequence of climate change, transboundary populations, and
shared stocks are expected to augment worldwide (Pinsky et al. 2018). However, this
is not likely the case in the Alboran Sea. Indeed, increasing temperature could
diminish the likelihood of accomplished connectivity in the Mediterranean Sea
since higher temperatures are expected to change the spatiotemporal dynamics of
spawners as well as the PLD, which in turn would decrease the distance dispersed
and the link among subpopulations and MPAs (Andrello et al. 2015). This later
effect could be expected in the Alboran Sea. Additionally, biological characteristics
of drifting larvae as growth and age, otolith isotope markers, and the population
genetics must be integrated into biophysical models in order to confirm connectivity
between fish populations and to cope with different spatiotemporal scales. It is
particularly relevant for Atlantic-Mediterranean fish stock connectivity, a central
issue in this area for which primary tools for the model construction are available
from the researchers in the region (Garcia et al. this book).
References
Alemany F, Quintanilla L, Velez-Belchi P, Garcia A, Cortes D, Rodriguez JM, De Puelles MLF,
Gonzalez-Pola C, Lopez-Jurado JL (2010) Characterization of the spawning habitat of Atlantic
bluefin tuna and related species in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean). Prog Oceanogr 86
(1):21–38
Allen JT, Smeed DA, Tintore J, Ruiz S (2001) Mesoscale subduction at the Almeria–Oran front:
Part 1: ageostrophic flow. J Mar Syst 30(3):263–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(01)
00062-8
Alvarez-Salgado XA, Doval MD, Borges AV, Joint I, Frankignoulle M, Woodward EMS, Figueiras
FG (2001) Off-shelf fluxes of labile materials by an upwelling filament in the NW Iberian
Upwelling System. Prog Oceanogr 51:321–337
Andrello M, Guilhaumon F, Albouy C, Parravicini V, Scholtens J, Verley P, Barange M, Sumaila
UR, Manel S, Mouillot D (2017) Global mismatch between fishing dependency and larval
supply from marine reserves. Nat Commun 8:16039. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16039
Andrello M, Mouillot D, Beuvier J, Albouy C, Thuiller W, Manel S (2013) Low connectivity
between Mediterranean marine protected areas: a biophysical modeling approach for the dusky
grouper Epinephelus marginatus. PLoS One 8(7):e68564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.
0068564
Andrello M, Mouillot D, Somot S, Thuiller W, Manel S (2015) Additive effects of climate change
on connectivity between marine protected areas and larval supply to fished areas. Divers Distrib
21(2):139–150
Armi L, Farmer DM (1985) The internal hydraulics of the strait of gibraltar and associated sills and
narrows. Oceanol Acta 8:37–46
Armi L, Farmer DM (1988) The flow of Mediterranean water through the Strait of Gibraltar. Progr.
Oceanogr. 21(1):1–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(88)90055-9
Bakun A (1996) Patterns in the ocean: ocean processes and marine population dynamics. Univ.
California Sea Grant, San Diego, CIBNOR, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, California,
USA, 323 pp
12 Biophysical Processes Determining the Connectivity of the Alboran Sea Fish. . .
481