2019). Furthermore, punctual episodes of mass mortality of the anthozoan
Parazoanthus axinellae have been observed in the Granada coast at the end of
particularly warm summers (personal observations), coinciding with that detected
in the Ligurian Sea (Cerrano et al. 2006).
Other anthozoans, such as the Mediterranean endemic scleractinians Cladocora
caespitosa and Astroides calycularis (Fig. 10.19), may suffer massive mortalities.
Fig. 10.19 Mortality events. From top to bottom and from left to right, necrosis (white patches) in
the sponge Petrosia ficiformis (Carboneras Island, Almería, 17 m depth), partially dead colonies of
the scleractinian corals Cladocora caespitosa (Balanegra, Almería, 15 m depth) and Astroides
calycularis (San José, Almería, 3 m depth), cemetery of marked specimens of Pinna nobilis
(Carboneras Island, Almería, 10 m depth, 2016) and two dead specimens of Spondylus gaederopus
(Carboneras Island, Almería, 8 m depth) [Diego Moreno/Sustainable Marine Environment Management Program/Junta Andalusia, three photos on the left; Agustín Barrajón Domenech/Sustainable Marine Environment Management Program/Junta Andalusia, two photos on the right]
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Parazoanthus axinellae have been observed in the Granada coast at the end of
particularly warm summers (personal observations), coinciding with that detected
in the Ligurian Sea (Cerrano et al. 2006).
Other anthozoans, such as the Mediterranean endemic scleractinians Cladocora
caespitosa and Astroides calycularis (Fig. 10.19), may suffer massive mortalities.
Fig. 10.19 Mortality events. From top to bottom and from left to right, necrosis (white patches) in
the sponge Petrosia ficiformis (Carboneras Island, Almería, 17 m depth), partially dead colonies of
the scleractinian corals Cladocora caespitosa (Balanegra, Almería, 15 m depth) and Astroides
calycularis (San José, Almería, 3 m depth), cemetery of marked specimens of Pinna nobilis
(Carboneras Island, Almería, 10 m depth, 2016) and two dead specimens of Spondylus gaederopus
(Carboneras Island, Almería, 8 m depth) [Diego Moreno/Sustainable Marine Environment Management Program/Junta Andalusia, three photos on the left; Agustín Barrajón Domenech/Sustainable Marine Environment Management Program/Junta Andalusia, two photos on the right]
10 Invertebrates: The Realm of Diversity
413