Table 10.1
Marine invertebrates present in the Alboran Sea and included in International Conventions and Lists of endangered species or whose exploitation is
regulated (nomenclature according to WoRMS 2019). The name of the taxonomic group and the number of species by group of each Convention or List are shown. Bern
Convention (1986) included the Annexes II (strictly protected fauna species; status in force since 2018) and III (protected fauna species; status in force since 2002).
Barcelona Convention (1995) included the last amendments of 2015 of Annexes II (endangered or threatened species) and III (species whose exploitation is regulated).
The Habitat Directive (92/43/CEE) included the Annexes IV (species in need of strict protection) and V (species whose catch from the wild can be restricted by European
law). The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) included all the species of scleractinians or hard corals
(cnidarians), but here only those that are present in other Conventions and Lists are cited. The IUCN Red List includes the categories CR (Critically Endangered), EN
(Endangered), VU (Vulnerable), NT (Near Threatened), LC (Least Concern), DD (Data Deficient) and LR/nt (Lower Risk/near threatened). In Spain the current
Catalogue of Endangered Species and the List of Wild Species with Special Protection was published in 2011, with successive modifications in 2012, 2015, 2016, 2019
and 2020, and the equivalent of Andalusia in 2012. The categories in the Catalogue are EN (in danger of extinction) and VU (vulnerable). In 2018, the Spanish
government declared critically endangered (CR) the bivalve Pinna nobilis,
inside the EN category. This species has been subsequently included in 2019 as critically
endangered in the IUCN Red List. Other abbreviations: Med, Mediterranean populations
Group/species
Bern
Convention
1986 Annex
Barcelona
Convention
1999 Annex
Habitat
Directive
1992
Annex
CITES
Annex
IUCN
Red
List
Spanish catalogue
and list 2011+added
(category or
population)
Andalusian
catalogue and list
2012 (category or
population)
Observations
PORIFERA
5
10
0
0
0
6
3
Aplysina
spp.
II
II
Med
Only Aplysina cavernicola
included in Bern Convention
Axinella polypoides
II
II
Med
Yes
Spongia agaricina
III
Tethya
spp.
II
Med
There are still no species of the
genus included in Bern
Convention
Geodia cydonium
II
Med
Yes
Sarcotragus foetidus
II
Med
Ircinia foetida
is a synonym
Sarcotragus pipetta
II
Med
Yes
Ircinia pipetta
is a synonym
Hippospongia
communis
III
III
Spongia lamella
III
III
Spongia agaricina
is a
synonym
(continued)
10 Invertebrates: The Realm of Diversity
399
Marine invertebrates present in the Alboran Sea and included in International Conventions and Lists of endangered species or whose exploitation is
regulated (nomenclature according to WoRMS 2019). The name of the taxonomic group and the number of species by group of each Convention or List are shown. Bern
Convention (1986) included the Annexes II (strictly protected fauna species; status in force since 2018) and III (protected fauna species; status in force since 2002).
Barcelona Convention (1995) included the last amendments of 2015 of Annexes II (endangered or threatened species) and III (species whose exploitation is regulated).
The Habitat Directive (92/43/CEE) included the Annexes IV (species in need of strict protection) and V (species whose catch from the wild can be restricted by European
law). The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) included all the species of scleractinians or hard corals
(cnidarians), but here only those that are present in other Conventions and Lists are cited. The IUCN Red List includes the categories CR (Critically Endangered), EN
(Endangered), VU (Vulnerable), NT (Near Threatened), LC (Least Concern), DD (Data Deficient) and LR/nt (Lower Risk/near threatened). In Spain the current
Catalogue of Endangered Species and the List of Wild Species with Special Protection was published in 2011, with successive modifications in 2012, 2015, 2016, 2019
and 2020, and the equivalent of Andalusia in 2012. The categories in the Catalogue are EN (in danger of extinction) and VU (vulnerable). In 2018, the Spanish
government declared critically endangered (CR) the bivalve Pinna nobilis,
inside the EN category. This species has been subsequently included in 2019 as critically
endangered in the IUCN Red List. Other abbreviations: Med, Mediterranean populations
Group/species
Bern
Convention
1986 Annex
Barcelona
Convention
1999 Annex
Habitat
Directive
1992
Annex
CITES
Annex
IUCN
Red
List
Spanish catalogue
and list 2011+added
(category or
population)
Andalusian
catalogue and list
2012 (category or
population)
Observations
PORIFERA
5
10
0
0
0
6
3
Aplysina
spp.
II
II
Med
Only Aplysina cavernicola
included in Bern Convention
Axinella polypoides
II
II
Med
Yes
Spongia agaricina
III
Tethya
spp.
II
Med
There are still no species of the
genus included in Bern
Convention
Geodia cydonium
II
Med
Yes
Sarcotragus foetidus
II
Med
Ircinia foetida
is a synonym
Sarcotragus pipetta
II
Med
Yes
Ircinia pipetta
is a synonym
Hippospongia
communis
III
III
Spongia lamella
III
III
Spongia agaricina
is a
synonym
(continued)
10 Invertebrates: The Realm of Diversity
399