XII
Exercise 1.7 – The non-stoichiometry of iron monoxide .......................................20
Exercise 1.8 – Departure from stoichiometry of barium fluoride BaF 2 .................21
Exercise 1.9 – Crystallographic and thermodynamic study
of thorium dioxide ThO 2 ...............................................................................22
Solutions to exercises .............................................................................................24
Solution 1.1 – Notation for structure elements and structure defects .....................24
Solution 1.2 – Notation for doping reactions .........................................................25
Solution 1.3 – Sitoneutrality and notation for chemical formulas ..........................28
Solution 1.4 – Calculation of defect concentrations ...............................................30
Solution 1.5 – Doping strontium fluoride ...............................................................31
Solution 1.6 – Variation of the concentration of structure defects
in pure zirconium dioxide ZrO 2 as a function of oxygen partial pressure ...32
Solution 1.7 – The non-stoichiometry of iron monoxide .......................................33
Solution 1.8 – Departure from stoichiometry of barium fluoride BaF 2 ..................35
Solution 1.9 – Crystallographic and thermodynamic study
of thorium dioxide ThO 2 ...............................................................................39
Chapter 2 – Methods and techniques ..............................................................47
Course notes .........................................................................................................47
2.1 – Complex impedance spectroscopy ................................................................47
2.1.1 – Time domain: principal passive linear dipole devices
in sinusoidal regime ...........................................................................47
2.1.2 – Complex notation ..............................................................................47
2.1.3 – Graphical representation of complex impedance ..............................48
2.1.4 – Other dipole devices ..........................................................................51
2.1.5 – Physical meaning of complex impedance spectra .............................52
2.2 – Methods to measure transport number ..........................................................52
2.2.1 – Electromotive force method ..............................................................52
2.2.2 – Using the results of total conductivity ...............................................53
2.2.3 – Tubandt method .................................................................................54
2.2.4 – Dilatocoulometric method to measure cationic transport number ....55
2.2.5 – Electrochemical semipermeability ....................................................56
2.2.6 – Blocking electrode method ................................................................57
Exercises ..............................................................................................................59
Exercise 2.1 – Determination of conductivity by four-electrode method ..............59
Solid-State Electrochemistry