Scherr SJ (2000) A downward spiral? Research evidence on the relationship between poverty and
natural resource degradation. Food Policy 25:479–498
Schirmel J, Blindow I, Fartmann T (2010) The importance of habitat mosaics for Orthoptera
(Caelifera and Ensifera) in dry heathlands. Eur J Entomol 107:129–132
Schodde R (1981) Birds communities of the Australian Mallee. composition, derivation, distribution, structure and seasonal cycles. In: Di Castri F et al (eds) Mediterranean-type shrublands.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 387–415
Sibik J, Sibikova BI, Kliment JB (2010) The subalpine Pinus mugo-communities of the Carpathians
with a European perspective. Phytocoenologia 40(2–3):155–188
Sivakumar MVK (2007) Interaction between climate and desertification. Agric For Meteorol
142:143–155
Solbrig O, Medina E, Silva JF (1996) Biodiversity and tropical Savanna proprieties. A global view.
In: Mooney HA et al (eds) Functional roles of biodiversity. A global perspective. Wiley, pp
185–211
Specht RL (1979a) Heathland and related shrublands of the world. In: Specht RL (ed) Ecosystems
of the world 9 A. Heathland and related shrublands. Descriptive studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam,
pp 1–17
Specht RL (1979b) The sclerophyllous (Heath) vegetation of Australia. The eastern and central
States. In: Specht RL (ed) Ecosystems of the world 9 A. Heathland and related shrublands.
Descriptive studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 125–130
Specht RL, Womersley JS (1979) Heathlands and related shrublands of Malesia (with particular
reference to Borneo and New Guinea). In: Specht RL (ed) Ecosystems of the world
9 A. Heathland and related shrublands. Descriptive studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 321–338
Tape KD, Hallinger M, Welker JM, Ruess RW (2012) Landscape heterogeneity of shrub expansion
in Arctic Alaska. Ecosystems 15(5):711–724
Terry AC, Ashmore MR, Power SA, Allchin EA, Heil GW (2004) Modelling the impacts of
atmospheric nitrogen deposition on Calluna-dominated ecosystems in the UK. J Appl Ecol
41:897–909
Thiollay JM (2006) Large bird declines with increasing human pressure in savanna woodlands
(Burkina Faso). Biodivers Conserv 15:2085–2108
Timmins RJ, Burton J, Hedges S (2016) Bos sauveli. The IUCN red list of threatened species. e.
T2890A46363360. doi:https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2890A46363360.en.
Downloaded on 05 Aug 2019
Tscharntke T, Klein AM, Kruess A, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thies C (2005) Landscape perspectives on
agricultural intensification and biodiversity – ecosystem service management. Ecol Lett
8:857–874
Tscharntkea T, Clough Y, Wanger TC, Jackson L, Motzke I, Perfecto I, Vandermeer J, Whitbread A
(2012) Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification. Biol Conserv 151:53–59
Turpie JK, Crowe TM (1993) Patterns of distribution, diversity and endemism of larger African
mammals. S Afr J Zool 29(1):19–32
Walter H, Breckle SW (1991) Spezielle Ökologie der Gemäßigten und Arktischen Zonen außerhalb
Euro-Nordasien. Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart:36–37
Webb NR (1998) The traditional management of European Heathland. J Appl Ecol 35:987–990
Webb NR, Hopkins PJ (1984) Invertebrate diversity on fragmented Calluna Heathland. J Appl Ecol
21(3):921–933
Weber HE (2008) Gebüsche Hecken, Krautsäume. Ökosysteme Mitteleuropas aus geobotanischer
Sicht. Ulmer Verlag Germany, pp 9–60
Western D, Ssemakula J (1981) The future of the savannah ecosystems. Ecological islands or faunal
enclaves? Afr J Ecol 19:7–19
White F (1983) The vegetation of Africa. A descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/
AETFAT/UNSC Vegetation Map of Africa. UNESCO, Paris, 48–50, 147–160, 233–243
380
N. El Balti
natural resource degradation. Food Policy 25:479–498
Schirmel J, Blindow I, Fartmann T (2010) The importance of habitat mosaics for Orthoptera
(Caelifera and Ensifera) in dry heathlands. Eur J Entomol 107:129–132
Schodde R (1981) Birds communities of the Australian Mallee. composition, derivation, distribution, structure and seasonal cycles. In: Di Castri F et al (eds) Mediterranean-type shrublands.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 387–415
Sibik J, Sibikova BI, Kliment JB (2010) The subalpine Pinus mugo-communities of the Carpathians
with a European perspective. Phytocoenologia 40(2–3):155–188
Sivakumar MVK (2007) Interaction between climate and desertification. Agric For Meteorol
142:143–155
Solbrig O, Medina E, Silva JF (1996) Biodiversity and tropical Savanna proprieties. A global view.
In: Mooney HA et al (eds) Functional roles of biodiversity. A global perspective. Wiley, pp
185–211
Specht RL (1979a) Heathland and related shrublands of the world. In: Specht RL (ed) Ecosystems
of the world 9 A. Heathland and related shrublands. Descriptive studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam,
pp 1–17
Specht RL (1979b) The sclerophyllous (Heath) vegetation of Australia. The eastern and central
States. In: Specht RL (ed) Ecosystems of the world 9 A. Heathland and related shrublands.
Descriptive studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 125–130
Specht RL, Womersley JS (1979) Heathlands and related shrublands of Malesia (with particular
reference to Borneo and New Guinea). In: Specht RL (ed) Ecosystems of the world
9 A. Heathland and related shrublands. Descriptive studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 321–338
Tape KD, Hallinger M, Welker JM, Ruess RW (2012) Landscape heterogeneity of shrub expansion
in Arctic Alaska. Ecosystems 15(5):711–724
Terry AC, Ashmore MR, Power SA, Allchin EA, Heil GW (2004) Modelling the impacts of
atmospheric nitrogen deposition on Calluna-dominated ecosystems in the UK. J Appl Ecol
41:897–909
Thiollay JM (2006) Large bird declines with increasing human pressure in savanna woodlands
(Burkina Faso). Biodivers Conserv 15:2085–2108
Timmins RJ, Burton J, Hedges S (2016) Bos sauveli. The IUCN red list of threatened species. e.
T2890A46363360. doi:https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2890A46363360.en.
Downloaded on 05 Aug 2019
Tscharntke T, Klein AM, Kruess A, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thies C (2005) Landscape perspectives on
agricultural intensification and biodiversity – ecosystem service management. Ecol Lett
8:857–874
Tscharntkea T, Clough Y, Wanger TC, Jackson L, Motzke I, Perfecto I, Vandermeer J, Whitbread A
(2012) Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification. Biol Conserv 151:53–59
Turpie JK, Crowe TM (1993) Patterns of distribution, diversity and endemism of larger African
mammals. S Afr J Zool 29(1):19–32
Walter H, Breckle SW (1991) Spezielle Ökologie der Gemäßigten und Arktischen Zonen außerhalb
Euro-Nordasien. Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart:36–37
Webb NR (1998) The traditional management of European Heathland. J Appl Ecol 35:987–990
Webb NR, Hopkins PJ (1984) Invertebrate diversity on fragmented Calluna Heathland. J Appl Ecol
21(3):921–933
Weber HE (2008) Gebüsche Hecken, Krautsäume. Ökosysteme Mitteleuropas aus geobotanischer
Sicht. Ulmer Verlag Germany, pp 9–60
Western D, Ssemakula J (1981) The future of the savannah ecosystems. Ecological islands or faunal
enclaves? Afr J Ecol 19:7–19
White F (1983) The vegetation of Africa. A descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/
AETFAT/UNSC Vegetation Map of Africa. UNESCO, Paris, 48–50, 147–160, 233–243
380
N. El Balti