502
R. K. Gupta
thoughts are disengaged from realities of scale, spatial context and fit to the user’s
use situation and environment. The decisions taken at this level are vital and affect
the cost and the success of the complete product [1].
Augmented Reality (AR) permits to pull the knowledge out of the screen and
drop it into the real world. One can imagine in higher faithfulness much earlier in
the process, with an intensely lower level of investment when compared to other
forms of rapid prototyping techniques. Augmented Reality-based design environment is a semi-immersive design atmosphere in which the users/operators can see
the real world while execution on a virtual product [2]. The requirements of AR in
the product development for distant collaboration is explained in literature [3–5].
The greatest impact we’ll see from AR, its competence to reform the way that people
actually interact with the technology in their lives. AR to support the assembly of
product and production re-scheduling is presented by Mourtzis et al. [6]. There is a
need to develop solution based on AR for collaborative product development activities and also to integrate different stakeholders irrespective of their locations. The
innovative aspect of this paper is to propose a software tool for collaborative product
development using AR to nurture, maintain and increase a company’s market portion
by satisfying a consumer’s requests. The AR-based approaches for product development are reviewed first and then the requirement of the development of software
tools for Product Development using AR is identified. The proposed methodology
and implementation details along with case studies are presented.
2 Augmented Reality and Product Development: State
of the Art
Product development necessitates the involved stakeholders [7] to have the essential
level of knowledge and a good insight into the product design. For example, using
AR supported design assessment process, design errors that could possibly lead to
postponements or even disappointment in the final assembly of the radio-controlled
car that can be early diagnosed and modified [8]. It includes the integration of target
market views and particularity, research on the current technologies, assessment of
the available manufacturing resources and requires the collaboration of a group of
people, usually with diverse backgrounds, so as to achieve the anticipated result [9,
10]. Literature [11, 12] reviews the use of AR in design and manufacturing including
the hardware and software tools associated with AR. Virtual Reality (VR) structures
have already been established for computer-aided design and simulation applications
in which the users are fully immersed in a virtual environment and interact with the
3-dimensional virtual models. Whereas AR technology is comparatively novel technology that includes the superposition of computer graphics over real objects/scenes
[13]. AR delivers more pragmatism to the users and makes the users feel safer and
more relaxed while working on the product design [13]. AR-based environment is
easy and low-priced to set up, which is a major advantage of using AR as compared
R. K. Gupta
thoughts are disengaged from realities of scale, spatial context and fit to the user’s
use situation and environment. The decisions taken at this level are vital and affect
the cost and the success of the complete product [1].
Augmented Reality (AR) permits to pull the knowledge out of the screen and
drop it into the real world. One can imagine in higher faithfulness much earlier in
the process, with an intensely lower level of investment when compared to other
forms of rapid prototyping techniques. Augmented Reality-based design environment is a semi-immersive design atmosphere in which the users/operators can see
the real world while execution on a virtual product [2]. The requirements of AR in
the product development for distant collaboration is explained in literature [3–5].
The greatest impact we’ll see from AR, its competence to reform the way that people
actually interact with the technology in their lives. AR to support the assembly of
product and production re-scheduling is presented by Mourtzis et al. [6]. There is a
need to develop solution based on AR for collaborative product development activities and also to integrate different stakeholders irrespective of their locations. The
innovative aspect of this paper is to propose a software tool for collaborative product
development using AR to nurture, maintain and increase a company’s market portion
by satisfying a consumer’s requests. The AR-based approaches for product development are reviewed first and then the requirement of the development of software
tools for Product Development using AR is identified. The proposed methodology
and implementation details along with case studies are presented.
2 Augmented Reality and Product Development: State
of the Art
Product development necessitates the involved stakeholders [7] to have the essential
level of knowledge and a good insight into the product design. For example, using
AR supported design assessment process, design errors that could possibly lead to
postponements or even disappointment in the final assembly of the radio-controlled
car that can be early diagnosed and modified [8]. It includes the integration of target
market views and particularity, research on the current technologies, assessment of
the available manufacturing resources and requires the collaboration of a group of
people, usually with diverse backgrounds, so as to achieve the anticipated result [9,
10]. Literature [11, 12] reviews the use of AR in design and manufacturing including
the hardware and software tools associated with AR. Virtual Reality (VR) structures
have already been established for computer-aided design and simulation applications
in which the users are fully immersed in a virtual environment and interact with the
3-dimensional virtual models. Whereas AR technology is comparatively novel technology that includes the superposition of computer graphics over real objects/scenes
[13]. AR delivers more pragmatism to the users and makes the users feel safer and
more relaxed while working on the product design [13]. AR-based environment is
easy and low-priced to set up, which is a major advantage of using AR as compared