486
G. Sowmya Padukone et al.
Table 2 RI value of normal and cancerous breast cell
Normal or healthy breast cell
True negative
1.7
Malignant breast cancerous cell
True positive
1.395
Sensitivity = (1.7)/(1.7 + 1.395) = 0.549 = 54.9%
This is approximated to around 55%
Table 3 RI values of normal and cancerous hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Hepatocellular carcinoma (primary stage)
Non-cancerous
Wavelength range (1550 nm)
True negative
1.361
Cancerous
True positive
1.343
Sensitivity = (1.361)/(1.361 + 1.343) = 0.5033 = 50.33%
This is approximated to around 50%
Table 4 RI values of normal and cancerous living cells
Normal compared cancerous living cells
Normal living cell
True negative
1.353
Cancerous living cells
True positive
1.370
Sensitivity = (1.353)/(1.353 + 1.370) = 0.4968
This is approximated to around 49.68%
Thus, we can calculate PPV from first row of Table 1 and NPV from the second
row of Table 1.
3 Results Based on Mathematical Modeling
Based on the refractive index value of diseased cells and healthy cells, sensitivity is
calculated (Tables 2, 3, and 4).
4 Results Based on Opti-mode Designer and Opti-analyzer
Window
Let us see the results of 2D TE coupler (nonlinear mode). Here, a waveguide is
constructed which works in 2D mode. Through the waveguide, light is transmitted,
and we can find the observation area analysis as well as power spectrum analysis.
Most of the time, light follows nonlinearity path, and thus, nonlinear waveguide is
taken into consideration (Fig. 3).