368
K. R. Arun
g
Gas
In
Injector
Row Liquid injection rows
Exit Exit of the injector
D
Distance
1 Introduction
The performance of atomization is the disintegration of the liquid jet by the
momentum change of liquid itself, or by the influence of high-velocity gas or air,
or apply a mechanical force by using vibrating and rotating equipment [1]. Spray
pattern depends on the number of parameters like atomizer characteristics, properties of the liquid used, type of application, etc. Atomization process is characterized
mainly by distribution of different sizes of drop, mean size of the droop, spray pattern,
cone angle of spray, etc. Atomization strongly affects the combustion and pollutant
emissions of internal combustion engines and gas turbines.
Previous studies about liquid jet in a cross-flow explained primary and secondary
atomization of liquid sheet in a gaseous flow. Masheyek et al. [2] observe that the
liquid jet disintegrated into drops depending upon the momentum flux ratio of liquid
to gas, Webber number, and Reynolds number. The atomization of liquid jet depends
on the velocity of the jet and cross-flow velocity. An experimental investigation of
round jet in a gaseous cross-flow was conducted by Crab et al. [3]. They measured
the velocity characteristic of flow using Laser Droplet Anemometry and hot wire
anemometry in the upstream region and downstream region, respectively.
The penetration height of the liquid jet is an important parameter that indicates
how well the injected liquid mixes with the free stream air. Single and double liquid
column penetration in gaseous cross-flow was experimentally studied [4]. They found
the correlation for penetration height for single and double injection orifices separately and concluded that when the orifice spacing increases the penetration height
also increases. In the field of disintegration of liquid stream, the Weber number is
an important parameter. Pai et al. [5] studied the role of Weber number in primary
atomization of turbulent liquid stream in gas cross-flow. They recommended that
the characteristic thickness of the liquid structures is regulated by cross-flow Weber
number, while the structure of the liquid structures is controlled by the liquid Weber
number [6].
The disintegration of the liquid ligament depends on whether the liquid flow
is turbulent or laminar. For understanding the flow and turbulence characteristics
at different velocity ratio, Andreopoulos and Rodi [7] conducted the experimental
investigation. At less ratios of jet velocity to cross-flow velocity, the jet bent over
abruptly by the cross-flow and at higher ratio, the jet penetrates further into the crossstream, and bending over takes place more gradually. In accordance with detailed
studies of Wu et al. [8] suggested that the axial point of liquid sheet breakup is
K. R. Arun
g
Gas
In
Injector
Row Liquid injection rows
Exit Exit of the injector
D
Distance
1 Introduction
The performance of atomization is the disintegration of the liquid jet by the
momentum change of liquid itself, or by the influence of high-velocity gas or air,
or apply a mechanical force by using vibrating and rotating equipment [1]. Spray
pattern depends on the number of parameters like atomizer characteristics, properties of the liquid used, type of application, etc. Atomization process is characterized
mainly by distribution of different sizes of drop, mean size of the droop, spray pattern,
cone angle of spray, etc. Atomization strongly affects the combustion and pollutant
emissions of internal combustion engines and gas turbines.
Previous studies about liquid jet in a cross-flow explained primary and secondary
atomization of liquid sheet in a gaseous flow. Masheyek et al. [2] observe that the
liquid jet disintegrated into drops depending upon the momentum flux ratio of liquid
to gas, Webber number, and Reynolds number. The atomization of liquid jet depends
on the velocity of the jet and cross-flow velocity. An experimental investigation of
round jet in a gaseous cross-flow was conducted by Crab et al. [3]. They measured
the velocity characteristic of flow using Laser Droplet Anemometry and hot wire
anemometry in the upstream region and downstream region, respectively.
The penetration height of the liquid jet is an important parameter that indicates
how well the injected liquid mixes with the free stream air. Single and double liquid
column penetration in gaseous cross-flow was experimentally studied [4]. They found
the correlation for penetration height for single and double injection orifices separately and concluded that when the orifice spacing increases the penetration height
also increases. In the field of disintegration of liquid stream, the Weber number is
an important parameter. Pai et al. [5] studied the role of Weber number in primary
atomization of turbulent liquid stream in gas cross-flow. They recommended that
the characteristic thickness of the liquid structures is regulated by cross-flow Weber
number, while the structure of the liquid structures is controlled by the liquid Weber
number [6].
The disintegration of the liquid ligament depends on whether the liquid flow
is turbulent or laminar. For understanding the flow and turbulence characteristics
at different velocity ratio, Andreopoulos and Rodi [7] conducted the experimental
investigation. At less ratios of jet velocity to cross-flow velocity, the jet bent over
abruptly by the cross-flow and at higher ratio, the jet penetrates further into the crossstream, and bending over takes place more gradually. In accordance with detailed
studies of Wu et al. [8] suggested that the axial point of liquid sheet breakup is