Synthesis and Characterization of 17 Cr
Ferritic ODS Steel Developed Through
Vacuum Hot Pressing
G. Dharmalingam, Sellamuthu Prabhukumar, and M. Arun Prasad
Abstract In the present investigation, on 17 Cr ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened
(ODS) steel composition of (430L + 0.3Y 2 O 3 + 0.5ZrO 2 + 0.1Ti) wt% (alloy A) and
(430L + 0.3Y 2 O 3 + 0.5ZrO 2 + 0.1Ti + 4Al) wt% (alloy B) were developed through
mechanical alloying (MA) using VHP (vacuum hot pressing). The mechanically
alloyed powders were taken at different milling time intervals for confirming the
nanocrystalline size using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Finally, 20 h of milled powders
were consolidated through vacuum hot pressing (VHP) at 1180 °C in the pressure
levels of 60 MPa, and the cooling rate of 50
° C/min. Throughout the experiments, the
vacuum level was maintained by 10
−3 Torr. Hot-pressed samples were subjected to
densification studies; microstructural examination and hardness were analyzed in the
current study. The nanocrystalline size of 3.6 nm (alloy A) and 6 nm (alloy B) were
obtained at 20 h of milling time. The highest hot-pressed density of 7.60 g/cc (99%
theoretical density) was acquired for aluminium-free ferritic ODS steel (alloy A)
pressure at 60 MPa, whereas aluminium-contained alloy B lesser hot-pressed density
of 7.34 g/cc was obtained. The microstructures of alloy A and alloy B containing
ferrite along with complex oxides such as (Y–Zr–Ti–O) and (Y–Zr–Ti–Al–O), which
is evident from TEM-EDS analysis. Alloy A has a higher hardness (870 VHN) due
to the fine grains structure of material compared with alloy B (764 VHN).
Keywords Ferritic ODS steel · Mechanical alloying (MA) · Vacuum hot pressing
(VHP) · TEM-EDS · X-Ray diffraction (XRD)
1 Introduction
For advanced fission and fusion reactions, a promising material is oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic stainless steel (FSS). The presence of highly dense
G. Dharmalingam (B) · S. Prabhukumar · M. Arun Prasad
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of
Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062, India
e-mail: dharma21sona@gmail.com
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
N. Gascoin and E. Balasubramanian (eds.), Innovative Design, Analysis
and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Lecture Notes
in Mechanical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6619-6_30
285
Ferritic ODS Steel Developed Through
Vacuum Hot Pressing
G. Dharmalingam, Sellamuthu Prabhukumar, and M. Arun Prasad
Abstract In the present investigation, on 17 Cr ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened
(ODS) steel composition of (430L + 0.3Y 2 O 3 + 0.5ZrO 2 + 0.1Ti) wt% (alloy A) and
(430L + 0.3Y 2 O 3 + 0.5ZrO 2 + 0.1Ti + 4Al) wt% (alloy B) were developed through
mechanical alloying (MA) using VHP (vacuum hot pressing). The mechanically
alloyed powders were taken at different milling time intervals for confirming the
nanocrystalline size using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Finally, 20 h of milled powders
were consolidated through vacuum hot pressing (VHP) at 1180 °C in the pressure
levels of 60 MPa, and the cooling rate of 50
° C/min. Throughout the experiments, the
vacuum level was maintained by 10
−3 Torr. Hot-pressed samples were subjected to
densification studies; microstructural examination and hardness were analyzed in the
current study. The nanocrystalline size of 3.6 nm (alloy A) and 6 nm (alloy B) were
obtained at 20 h of milling time. The highest hot-pressed density of 7.60 g/cc (99%
theoretical density) was acquired for aluminium-free ferritic ODS steel (alloy A)
pressure at 60 MPa, whereas aluminium-contained alloy B lesser hot-pressed density
of 7.34 g/cc was obtained. The microstructures of alloy A and alloy B containing
ferrite along with complex oxides such as (Y–Zr–Ti–O) and (Y–Zr–Ti–Al–O), which
is evident from TEM-EDS analysis. Alloy A has a higher hardness (870 VHN) due
to the fine grains structure of material compared with alloy B (764 VHN).
Keywords Ferritic ODS steel · Mechanical alloying (MA) · Vacuum hot pressing
(VHP) · TEM-EDS · X-Ray diffraction (XRD)
1 Introduction
For advanced fission and fusion reactions, a promising material is oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic stainless steel (FSS). The presence of highly dense
G. Dharmalingam (B) · S. Prabhukumar · M. Arun Prasad
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of
Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062, India
e-mail: dharma21sona@gmail.com
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
N. Gascoin and E. Balasubramanian (eds.), Innovative Design, Analysis
and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Lecture Notes
in Mechanical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6619-6_30
285