A Study on the Performance and CO 2 Mitigation Potential …
125
which includes smaller size of soot particles or particulate matter (PM) that pearce
deep into the lungs.
Bruce et al. [7] indicates the combustion of biomass over the period of a day
increased indoor air pollution between 300 and 3000 µg/m
3 . During cooking, in
houses of Africa, Asia or Latin America, this may raise up to 10,000 µg/m
3 [7].
The report [7, 8] also says that more than 10 million children below the age of 5
die in an year due to indoor air pollution by biomass cooking. According to World
Health Organization [9], 99% of them are from developing countries like India, South
Africa and Brazil. World Bank states that 730 MT of biomass used for cooking in
developing countries emit greater than a billion tonnes of CO 2 into the atmosphere.
World Bank says each family needs approximately 2 tonnes of biomass fuel every
year; [10] women and children spend great effort to collect firewood by going deep
into forests, travelling more than 2 km every day as stated by Laximi et al. [11].
Women and children employ themselves up to 5–8 h every day to perform cooking
actions, with 20% of the said time dedicated to the gathering of biomass fuel [12].
According to World Health Organization (WHO), burning of biomass indoors leads
to poor eyesight. More than 2.5 million women become visionless [13] Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) among women alone kills about 1.5 million
worldwide.
In this present work, the performance and CO 2 mitigation potential study for an
AMGCS have been conducted and compared with the traditional cookstoves (TCS)
using different biomass fuels. Furthermore, a simple payback period was determined
and explained for AMGCS.
2 Advanced Micro-gasifier Cookstoves (AMGCS)
AMGCS are well engineering designed, fabricated by acquiring with recent technologies and materials, cutting edge manufacturing techniques and universal standards such as ASTM, IEC, BIS, etc., for the whole systems to furnish higher efficiency, reduced emissions, self-produced electricity to power its system accessories
such as air supply fan, battery charger, etc., and to fulfill the user needs in terms of
power generation ad supply without compromising safety [10, 14–19]. These modern
AMGCS have its own features like primary (gasification) and secondary (combustion) air by blowers or fan [19–21]. AMGCS also designed to produce electricity
by extracting waste heat in the system using thermoelectric generators [22]. Even
though the system efficiency is very high and emission of pollutants is low over TCS
and ICS, still better way ahead to compete with LPG stoves [23, 24]. Gasifier-type
AMGCS models include Oorja, Philips, TERI SPT-0610 and IES-18 cookstoves in
India [18, 19, 25–27] shown in Fig. 1.
125
which includes smaller size of soot particles or particulate matter (PM) that pearce
deep into the lungs.
Bruce et al. [7] indicates the combustion of biomass over the period of a day
increased indoor air pollution between 300 and 3000 µg/m
3 . During cooking, in
houses of Africa, Asia or Latin America, this may raise up to 10,000 µg/m
3 [7].
The report [7, 8] also says that more than 10 million children below the age of 5
die in an year due to indoor air pollution by biomass cooking. According to World
Health Organization [9], 99% of them are from developing countries like India, South
Africa and Brazil. World Bank states that 730 MT of biomass used for cooking in
developing countries emit greater than a billion tonnes of CO 2 into the atmosphere.
World Bank says each family needs approximately 2 tonnes of biomass fuel every
year; [10] women and children spend great effort to collect firewood by going deep
into forests, travelling more than 2 km every day as stated by Laximi et al. [11].
Women and children employ themselves up to 5–8 h every day to perform cooking
actions, with 20% of the said time dedicated to the gathering of biomass fuel [12].
According to World Health Organization (WHO), burning of biomass indoors leads
to poor eyesight. More than 2.5 million women become visionless [13] Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) among women alone kills about 1.5 million
worldwide.
In this present work, the performance and CO 2 mitigation potential study for an
AMGCS have been conducted and compared with the traditional cookstoves (TCS)
using different biomass fuels. Furthermore, a simple payback period was determined
and explained for AMGCS.
2 Advanced Micro-gasifier Cookstoves (AMGCS)
AMGCS are well engineering designed, fabricated by acquiring with recent technologies and materials, cutting edge manufacturing techniques and universal standards such as ASTM, IEC, BIS, etc., for the whole systems to furnish higher efficiency, reduced emissions, self-produced electricity to power its system accessories
such as air supply fan, battery charger, etc., and to fulfill the user needs in terms of
power generation ad supply without compromising safety [10, 14–19]. These modern
AMGCS have its own features like primary (gasification) and secondary (combustion) air by blowers or fan [19–21]. AMGCS also designed to produce electricity
by extracting waste heat in the system using thermoelectric generators [22]. Even
though the system efficiency is very high and emission of pollutants is low over TCS
and ICS, still better way ahead to compete with LPG stoves [23, 24]. Gasifier-type
AMGCS models include Oorja, Philips, TERI SPT-0610 and IES-18 cookstoves in
India [18, 19, 25–27] shown in Fig. 1.