Chapter 9
Photosynergetic Effects
on Triplet–Triplet Annihilation
Upconversion Processes in Solid Studied
by Theory and Experiments
Kenji Kamada, Ryuma Sato, Toshiko Mizokuro, Hirotaka Kito-Nishioka,
and Yasuteru Shigeta
Abstract Utilization of high density of triplets is important to overcome the dissipation of excitation energy. Triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) has attracted attention
to overcome the conventional limitation for the application of photon upconversion
(UC). Synergetic approaches of experimental and computational studies on TTA
have been made for efficient TTA-UC in the solid state. Binary solid fabricated by
the rapid-drying casting from mixed solution enabled efficient triplet sensitization.
Structural modification of emitter molecules has enhanced the performance of TTAUC in solid. Computational studies clarified the importance of the dimensionality of
the exciton diffusion process and orbital overlap in the TTA process. Various extended
studies such as solid TTA-UC by near-infrared (NIR) excitation and sensitizer-fixed
approach on a solid surface are also presented.
Keywords Singlet fission · Triplet–triplet annihilation · Upconversion · Casting ·
Binary solid · Triplet–triplet energy transfer · Exciton migration · Marcus theory ·
Random walk models
K. Kamada
NMRI, Kansai Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),
Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
e-mail: k.kamada@aist.go.jp
R. Sato
Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874,
Japan
T. Mizokuro
RIAEP, Tsukuba Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaragi 305-8565, Japan
H. Kito-Nishioka · Y. Shigeta (B)
Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
e-mail: shigeta@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
H. Miyasaka et al. (eds.), Photosynergetic Responses in Molecules
and Molecular Aggregates, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5451-3_9
147
Photosynergetic Effects
on Triplet–Triplet Annihilation
Upconversion Processes in Solid Studied
by Theory and Experiments
Kenji Kamada, Ryuma Sato, Toshiko Mizokuro, Hirotaka Kito-Nishioka,
and Yasuteru Shigeta
Abstract Utilization of high density of triplets is important to overcome the dissipation of excitation energy. Triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) has attracted attention
to overcome the conventional limitation for the application of photon upconversion
(UC). Synergetic approaches of experimental and computational studies on TTA
have been made for efficient TTA-UC in the solid state. Binary solid fabricated by
the rapid-drying casting from mixed solution enabled efficient triplet sensitization.
Structural modification of emitter molecules has enhanced the performance of TTAUC in solid. Computational studies clarified the importance of the dimensionality of
the exciton diffusion process and orbital overlap in the TTA process. Various extended
studies such as solid TTA-UC by near-infrared (NIR) excitation and sensitizer-fixed
approach on a solid surface are also presented.
Keywords Singlet fission · Triplet–triplet annihilation · Upconversion · Casting ·
Binary solid · Triplet–triplet energy transfer · Exciton migration · Marcus theory ·
Random walk models
K. Kamada
NMRI, Kansai Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),
Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
e-mail: k.kamada@aist.go.jp
R. Sato
Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874,
Japan
T. Mizokuro
RIAEP, Tsukuba Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaragi 305-8565, Japan
H. Kito-Nishioka · Y. Shigeta (B)
Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
e-mail: shigeta@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
H. Miyasaka et al. (eds.), Photosynergetic Responses in Molecules
and Molecular Aggregates, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5451-3_9
147