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153. Maslin, M. et al. “Gas hydrates: Past and future geohazard,” Philosophical Transactions
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154. Mau, S. et al., “Dissolved methane distributions and air-sea flux in the plume of a massive seep field, Coal Oil Point, California,” Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L22603
(2007).
155. McGinnis, D.F. et al., “Fate of rising methane bubbles in stratified waters: How much
methane reaches the atmosphere?” Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, C09007 (2006).
156. Niemann, H. et al., “Novel microbial communities of the Haakon Mosby mud volcano
and their role as a methane sink,” Nature, 443, 854–858 (2006).
157. Paull, C. et al., “Tracking the decomposition of submarine permafrost and gas hydrate
under the shelf and slope of the Beaufort Sea,” Proceedings of the 7th International
Conference on Gas Hydrates, Edinburgh, Scotland (2011).
158. Petrenko, V. et al., “ 14 CH 4 measurements in Greenland ice: Investigating last glacial
termination CH 4 sources,” Science, 324, 506–508 (2009).
159. Rachold, V. et al., “Near-shore arctic subsea permafrost in transition,” Eos, Transactions
of the American Geophysical Union, 88, 149–156 (2007).
160. Reagan, M.T. and Moridis, G.J., “Dynamic response of oceanic hydrate deposits to
ocean temperature change,” Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, C12023 (2008).
161. Reeburgh, W.S., “Oceanic methane biogeochemistry,” Chemical Reviews, 107, 486–513
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(2007).
162. Renssen, H. et al., “Modeling the climate response to a massive methane release from
gas hydrates,” Paleoceanography, 19, PA2010 (2004).
163. Röhl, U. et al., “On the duration of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum,”
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 8, Q12002 (2007).
164. Ruppel, C. et al., “Degradation of subsea permafrost and associated gas hydrates
offshore of Alaska in response to climate change,” Sound Waves, 128, 1–3 (2010).
165. Schmidt, G.A. and Shindell, D.T., “Atmospheric composition, radiative forcing, and
climate change as consequence of a massive methane release from gas hydrates,”
Paleoceanography, 18, 1004 (2003).
Report 94-694, USGS, Reston, VA (1994).
143. Lachenbruch, A.H. and Marshall, B.V., “Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from
permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic,” Science, 234, 689–696 (1986).
144. Lammers, S. et al., “A large methane plume east of Bear Island (Barents Sea):
Implications for the marine methane cycle,” Geologische Rundschau, 84, 59–66 (1995).
145. Lelieveld, J. et al., “Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric
methane,” Tellus, 50B, 128–150 (1998).
146. Liro, C.R. et al., “Modeling the release of CO 2 in the deep ocean,” Energy Conversion
and Management, 33, 667–674 (1992).
147. Macdonald, G., “Role of methane clathrates in past and future climate,” Climatic
Change, 16, 247–281 (1990).
148. Macdonald, I.R. et al., “Thermal and visual time-series at a seafloor gas hydrate deposit
on the Gulf of Mexico slope,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 233, 45–59 (2005).
149. Macdonald, I.R. et al., “Gas hydrate that breaches the seafloor on the continental slope
of the Gulf of Mexico,” Geology, 22, 699–702 (1994).
150. Majorowicz, J.A. et al., “Onset and stability of gas hydrates under permafrost in an
environment of surface climatic change-past and future,” Proceedings of the 6th
International Conference on Gas Hydrates, Vancouver, BC (2008).
151. Mascarelli, A.L., “A sleeping giant?” Nature Reports Climate Change, 3, 46–49 (2009).
152. Maslin, M. et al., “Linking continental-slope failures and climate change: Testing the
clathrate gun hypothesis,” Geology, 32, 53–56 (2004).
153. Maslin, M. et al. “Gas hydrates: Past and future geohazard,” Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences, 368,
2369–2393 (2010).
154. Mau, S. et al., “Dissolved methane distributions and air-sea flux in the plume of a massive seep field, Coal Oil Point, California,” Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L22603
(2007).
155. McGinnis, D.F. et al., “Fate of rising methane bubbles in stratified waters: How much
methane reaches the atmosphere?” Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, C09007 (2006).
156. Niemann, H. et al., “Novel microbial communities of the Haakon Mosby mud volcano
and their role as a methane sink,” Nature, 443, 854–858 (2006).
157. Paull, C. et al., “Tracking the decomposition of submarine permafrost and gas hydrate
under the shelf and slope of the Beaufort Sea,” Proceedings of the 7th International
Conference on Gas Hydrates, Edinburgh, Scotland (2011).
158. Petrenko, V. et al., “ 14 CH 4 measurements in Greenland ice: Investigating last glacial
termination CH 4 sources,” Science, 324, 506–508 (2009).
159. Rachold, V. et al., “Near-shore arctic subsea permafrost in transition,” Eos, Transactions
of the American Geophysical Union, 88, 149–156 (2007).
160. Reagan, M.T. and Moridis, G.J., “Dynamic response of oceanic hydrate deposits to
ocean temperature change,” Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, C12023 (2008).
161. Reeburgh, W.S., “Oceanic methane biogeochemistry,” Chemical Reviews, 107, 486–513
354
Water for Energy and Fuel Production
(2007).
162. Renssen, H. et al., “Modeling the climate response to a massive methane release from
gas hydrates,” Paleoceanography, 19, PA2010 (2004).
163. Röhl, U. et al., “On the duration of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum,”
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 8, Q12002 (2007).
164. Ruppel, C. et al., “Degradation of subsea permafrost and associated gas hydrates
offshore of Alaska in response to climate change,” Sound Waves, 128, 1–3 (2010).
165. Schmidt, G.A. and Shindell, D.T., “Atmospheric composition, radiative forcing, and
climate change as consequence of a massive methane release from gas hydrates,”
Paleoceanography, 18, 1004 (2003).