HO
OH
OH
C–C
cleavage
Pt–Re/C
Pt/Al 2 O 3
Syngas
H 2 production
Fuel cells
FT
Aqueous-phase reforming
Liquid fuels
HO
HO
OH
O
OH
OH
C–O
cleavage
Pt–Re/C
Monofunctionals
Pt–SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3
Light alkanes
C 4 –C 12
H 2 , light
H 2 O
CO 2 , H 2 , light
Light
hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons hydrocarbons
2H 2
Aromatics
isoparaffins
Sugar/polyol
Water
Water
Water
CuMg 10 Al 7 O x
Pd/CeZrO x
ZSM-5
573 K
CeZrO x
673 K
623 K
Pt-Re/C
503 K
O
OH
H 2 , CO x ,
alkanes
R 3
R 3
R 3
R 3 OH
Ketones
O
R 3
OH Alcohols
R 1
O
R 1 R 1
O
O
R 3
OH
Heterocyclic
compounds
Acids
Water
FIGURE 6.1 Possible reaction paths for APR for water-soluble oxygenated hydrocarbons.
(Reprinted from Green Chemistry, 12, Alonso, D.M., Bond, J.Q., and Dumesic, J.A., Catalytic
conversion of biomass to biofuels, 1493–1513, Copyright 2010, with permission from Elsevier.)
FIGURE 6.5 Schematic pathways to convert sugar and polyols to biofuel through production of monofunctional intermediates. (Reprinted from Green Chemistry, 12, Alonso, D.M.,
Bond, J.Q., and Dumesic, J.A., Catalytic conversion of biomass to biofuels, 1493–1513,
Copyright 2010, with permission from Elsevier.)