99
Steam Gasification and Reforming Technologies
Another novel process is steam combustion to recover oil from reservoir. This
enhanced oil recovery method is briefly examined in Chapter 2.
reFerenCes
1. Lee, S., Speight, J.G., and Loyalka, S.K., Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies.
Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL (2007).
2. Lee, S. and Shah, Y.T., Biofuels and Bioenergy: Processes and Technologies. Taylor &
Francis, Boca Raton, FL (2012).
3. Lee, S., “Gasification of coal,” in Lee, S., Speight, J.G., and Loyalka, S.K. (eds.), Handbook
of Alternative Fuel Technologies. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, 26–78 (2007).
4. “Coal gasification,” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 1–7 (2012).
5. Ratafia-Brown, J., Haslbeck, J., Skone, T., and Rutkowski, M., “Assessment of technologies for co-converting coal and biomass to a clean syngas—Task 2 report (RDS),”
DOE/NETL-403.01.08 Activity 2 Report (May 10, 2007).
6. Clayton, S.J., Stiegel, G.J., and Wimer, J.G., Gasification Technologies: Gasification
Markets and Technologies—Present and Future: An Industry Perspective. US
Department of Energy, Washington, DC (2002).
7. Lang, R., “Exxon 1997 Coal liquefaction residue steam gasification,” US Patent No.
4060478, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Linden, NJ (1997).
8. Kamka, F., Jochmann, A., and Picard, L. (eds.), “Development status of BGL gasification,” International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & xtL Technologies, June 16–18,
Freiberg, Germany (2005).
9. Higman, C. and van der Burgt, M., Gasification, 2nd edn. Gulf Professional Publishing,
Oxford (2008).
10. Basu, P., Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis: Practical Design and Theory. Academic
Press, Burlington, MA (2010).
11. Linares-Solano, A., Mahajan, O.P., and Walker, P.L, “Reactivity of heat-treated coals in
steam,” Fuel, 58, 327–332 (1979).
12. Demirbas, A., “Hydrogen production from carbonaceous solid wastes by steam reforming,” Energy Sources, Part A, 30, 924–931 (2008).
13. Navarro, R., Pena, M., and Fierro, J., “Hydrogen production reactions from carbon feedstocks: Fossil fuels and biomass,” Chemical Reviews, 107, 3952–3991 (2007).
14. Mühlen, H.-J., van Heek, K.H., and Jüntgen, H., “Kinetic studies of steam gasification
of char in the presence of H 2 , CO 2 and CO,” Fuel, 64, 944–949 (1985).
15. Hüttinger, K.J. and Merdes, W.F., “The carbon-steam reaction at elevated pressure:
Formations of product gases and hydrogen inhibitions,” Carbon, 30 (6), 883–894 (1992).
16. Weeda, M., Abcouwer, H.H., Kapteijn, F., and Moulijn, J.A., “Steam gasification kinetics and burn-off behaviour for a bituminous coal derived char in the presence of H 2 ,”
Fuel Processing Technology, 36, 235–242 (1993).
17. Moilanen, A., Saviharju, K., and Harju, T., “Steam gasification reactivities of various fuel
chars,” in Bridgwater, A.V. (eds.), Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion.
Blackie Academic & Professional, Glasgow, 131–141 (1993).
18. Ratnaswamy, C. and Wagner, J.P., “Water gas shift catalysis,” Catalysis Reviews, 51,
325–440 (2009).
19. Wang, D., Yuan, W., and Ji, W., “Effective syngas cleanup and reforming using Ni/yAl 2 O 3 catalyst,” International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 3 (2),
1–7 (2010).
20. Lee, W.S., Kim, T., and Woo, S., “High throughput screening for the promoters of alumina supported Ni catalysts in autothermal reforming of methane,” Top Catalysis, 53,
123–128 (2010).
Steam Gasification and Reforming Technologies
Another novel process is steam combustion to recover oil from reservoir. This
enhanced oil recovery method is briefly examined in Chapter 2.
reFerenCes
1. Lee, S., Speight, J.G., and Loyalka, S.K., Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies.
Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL (2007).
2. Lee, S. and Shah, Y.T., Biofuels and Bioenergy: Processes and Technologies. Taylor &
Francis, Boca Raton, FL (2012).
3. Lee, S., “Gasification of coal,” in Lee, S., Speight, J.G., and Loyalka, S.K. (eds.), Handbook
of Alternative Fuel Technologies. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, 26–78 (2007).
4. “Coal gasification,” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 1–7 (2012).
5. Ratafia-Brown, J., Haslbeck, J., Skone, T., and Rutkowski, M., “Assessment of technologies for co-converting coal and biomass to a clean syngas—Task 2 report (RDS),”
DOE/NETL-403.01.08 Activity 2 Report (May 10, 2007).
6. Clayton, S.J., Stiegel, G.J., and Wimer, J.G., Gasification Technologies: Gasification
Markets and Technologies—Present and Future: An Industry Perspective. US
Department of Energy, Washington, DC (2002).
7. Lang, R., “Exxon 1997 Coal liquefaction residue steam gasification,” US Patent No.
4060478, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Linden, NJ (1997).
8. Kamka, F., Jochmann, A., and Picard, L. (eds.), “Development status of BGL gasification,” International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & xtL Technologies, June 16–18,
Freiberg, Germany (2005).
9. Higman, C. and van der Burgt, M., Gasification, 2nd edn. Gulf Professional Publishing,
Oxford (2008).
10. Basu, P., Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis: Practical Design and Theory. Academic
Press, Burlington, MA (2010).
11. Linares-Solano, A., Mahajan, O.P., and Walker, P.L, “Reactivity of heat-treated coals in
steam,” Fuel, 58, 327–332 (1979).
12. Demirbas, A., “Hydrogen production from carbonaceous solid wastes by steam reforming,” Energy Sources, Part A, 30, 924–931 (2008).
13. Navarro, R., Pena, M., and Fierro, J., “Hydrogen production reactions from carbon feedstocks: Fossil fuels and biomass,” Chemical Reviews, 107, 3952–3991 (2007).
14. Mühlen, H.-J., van Heek, K.H., and Jüntgen, H., “Kinetic studies of steam gasification
of char in the presence of H 2 , CO 2 and CO,” Fuel, 64, 944–949 (1985).
15. Hüttinger, K.J. and Merdes, W.F., “The carbon-steam reaction at elevated pressure:
Formations of product gases and hydrogen inhibitions,” Carbon, 30 (6), 883–894 (1992).
16. Weeda, M., Abcouwer, H.H., Kapteijn, F., and Moulijn, J.A., “Steam gasification kinetics and burn-off behaviour for a bituminous coal derived char in the presence of H 2 ,”
Fuel Processing Technology, 36, 235–242 (1993).
17. Moilanen, A., Saviharju, K., and Harju, T., “Steam gasification reactivities of various fuel
chars,” in Bridgwater, A.V. (eds.), Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion.
Blackie Academic & Professional, Glasgow, 131–141 (1993).
18. Ratnaswamy, C. and Wagner, J.P., “Water gas shift catalysis,” Catalysis Reviews, 51,
325–440 (2009).
19. Wang, D., Yuan, W., and Ji, W., “Effective syngas cleanup and reforming using Ni/yAl 2 O 3 catalyst,” International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 3 (2),
1–7 (2010).
20. Lee, W.S., Kim, T., and Woo, S., “High throughput screening for the promoters of alumina supported Ni catalysts in autothermal reforming of methane,” Top Catalysis, 53,
123–128 (2010).