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2 Literature Review
researchers. A linear model of functionally graded CNT reinforced composite cylindrical shell layered with piezoelectric materials was proposed by Alibeigloo [183]
for vibration analysis. An element-free model based on Reddy’s higher-order shear
deformation hypothesis was developed by Selim et al. [184] for CNT reinforced
composite plate boned with piezo layers.
Considering structures with large deformation, a von Kármán type geometrically
nonlinear model based on the classical plate theory was developed by Rafiee et
al. [185] for CNT reinforced functionally graded composite beams with piezoelectric materials. Including additionally the thermal effect, a von Kármán type nonlinear analytical model was proposed by Ansari et al. [186] for postbuckling analysis
of functionally graded CNT reinforced composite cylindrical shells under electrothermal hybrid loading conditions.
Applying functionally graded concept to piezoelectric materials, one obtains functionally graded piezoelectric material. Loja et al. [187] developed B-spline finite
strip element models for sandwich structures with functionally graded piezoelectric
materials. Mikaeeli and Behjat [188] investigated static analysis of thick functionally
graded piezoelectric plates using three dimensional element-free Galerkin method. A
finite element model based on the FOSD hypothesis was developed by Su et al. [189]
for free vibration and transient analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric plates.
For structures undergoing large displacements, Derayatifar et al. [190], Wang [191]
developed von Kármán type geometrically nonlinear models for functionally graded
piezoelectric material integrated smart structures.
2.5.2 Electro-Thermo-Mechanically Coupled Structures
For every structure, all the materials are exposed to thermal field. Many of them are
sensitive to the change of thermal field. Considering the electro-thermo-mechanically
coupled structures, Krommer and Irschik [192] proposed a finite element model based
on the Reissner-Mindlin theory. Zhang et al. [193], Li et al. [194] developed thermoelectro-mechanically coupled models based on the classical plate theory for analysis of piezoelectric nanoplates with viscoelastics. Arefi and Zenkour [195] investigated thermo-electro-mechanical bending behavior of sandwich nanoplates integrated with piezoelectric face-sheets using trigonometric plate theory. In addition,
three-dimensional equations coupled with electro-thermo-mechanical fields were
studied by Dehghan et al. [196] for functionally graded piezoelectric shells.
Thermal analysis was investigated on CNT reinforced functionally graded composites by many researchers. An analytical solution of thermal coupled analysis was
proposed by Alibeigloo [197]. A linear model based on the Reddy’s higher-order
shear deformation hypothesis was developed by Song et al. [198]. Considering material nonlinearity, an electro-thermo-elasto-plastic model was develop by Tang and
Felicelli [199] using an incremental formulation based on the variational-asymptotic
method.
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