1.2 History of Smart Structures
3
URI program, initiated by ARO in 1992, is a multidisciplinary research program in smart structures. The program was headed respectively by the University
of Maryland, the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute.
SPICES (Synthesis and Processing of Intelligent Cost Effective Structures) was
sponsored by the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) from 1993 to 1995, and
was led by McDonnell Douglas. Several different composite plates and trapezoidal
rails containing a combination of piezoelectric actuators, fiber-optic sensors, SMAs,
and piezoelectric shunts were tested for damping augmentation, frequency shifting,
and active vibration control.
The program of ASSET (Applications for Smart Structures in Engineering and
Technology) was set up to exploit the smart structures technologies within the European Union under the IMT (Industrial Materials and Technologies) research program. About fifty organizations from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy,
etc. participated with the principal objectives of providing a forum and funds for
communication, infrastructure, and exchange of information among partners.
At the same period of 1990s, research institutions targeting on smart materials
and structures were booming in United States, Europe, Japan, Korea, and China.
1.3 Objectives and Outline
Piezoelectric laminated smart structures are widely used for aerospace and automotive industries, as well as civil engineering. Due to the small thickness, thin-walled
structures are sensitive to external excitations resulting in large deformations and
large amplitude vibrations. Additionally, the low damping makes the structure with
long period of vibration, which probably cause delamination or fatigue damage. Furthermore, to achieve large actuation forces for vibration suppression, smart structures
are hopefully under strong electric field. Structures undergo large deformations may
produce additional positive or negative stiffness. This nonlinear phenomena is defined
as geometrically nonlinear. Analogously, structures under strong electric field may
influence the structural stiffness positively or negatively, which here is defined as
electroelastic materially nonlinear effect. To predict precisely the response of structures undergoings large displacements and under strong electric fields, these two
nonlinear phenomena must be taken into account.
Concerning piezoelectric embedded plate and shell structures made of e.g. aluminum alloys, composite, functionally graded materials, under multi-physics coupled fields, the modeling technique is critical for structural design and it is a challenging stuff. This report mainly focuses on nonlinear analysis of piezoelectric laminated
smart structures, which is organized into six major chapters.
In Chap. 2, an overview of the recent development of modeling techniques for
piezoelectric embedded smart structures is presented. The investigation covers the
introduction of through thickness displacement hypotheses in plates and shells; analysis of various geometrically nonlinear plate/shell theories; discussion of electroelastic
3
URI program, initiated by ARO in 1992, is a multidisciplinary research program in smart structures. The program was headed respectively by the University
of Maryland, the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute.
SPICES (Synthesis and Processing of Intelligent Cost Effective Structures) was
sponsored by the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) from 1993 to 1995, and
was led by McDonnell Douglas. Several different composite plates and trapezoidal
rails containing a combination of piezoelectric actuators, fiber-optic sensors, SMAs,
and piezoelectric shunts were tested for damping augmentation, frequency shifting,
and active vibration control.
The program of ASSET (Applications for Smart Structures in Engineering and
Technology) was set up to exploit the smart structures technologies within the European Union under the IMT (Industrial Materials and Technologies) research program. About fifty organizations from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy,
etc. participated with the principal objectives of providing a forum and funds for
communication, infrastructure, and exchange of information among partners.
At the same period of 1990s, research institutions targeting on smart materials
and structures were booming in United States, Europe, Japan, Korea, and China.
1.3 Objectives and Outline
Piezoelectric laminated smart structures are widely used for aerospace and automotive industries, as well as civil engineering. Due to the small thickness, thin-walled
structures are sensitive to external excitations resulting in large deformations and
large amplitude vibrations. Additionally, the low damping makes the structure with
long period of vibration, which probably cause delamination or fatigue damage. Furthermore, to achieve large actuation forces for vibration suppression, smart structures
are hopefully under strong electric field. Structures undergo large deformations may
produce additional positive or negative stiffness. This nonlinear phenomena is defined
as geometrically nonlinear. Analogously, structures under strong electric field may
influence the structural stiffness positively or negatively, which here is defined as
electroelastic materially nonlinear effect. To predict precisely the response of structures undergoings large displacements and under strong electric fields, these two
nonlinear phenomena must be taken into account.
Concerning piezoelectric embedded plate and shell structures made of e.g. aluminum alloys, composite, functionally graded materials, under multi-physics coupled fields, the modeling technique is critical for structural design and it is a challenging stuff. This report mainly focuses on nonlinear analysis of piezoelectric laminated
smart structures, which is organized into six major chapters.
In Chap. 2, an overview of the recent development of modeling techniques for
piezoelectric embedded smart structures is presented. The investigation covers the
introduction of through thickness displacement hypotheses in plates and shells; analysis of various geometrically nonlinear plate/shell theories; discussion of electroelastic