(4) Tear resistance: Natural rubber, urethane, and polyurethane are preferred. The
tear resistance of silicone rubber and fluorosilicone rubber is poor.
(5) Compressive permanent deformation: Urethane polyurethane, silicone,
fluorosilicone, and fluorocarbon rubber are the best. Polyacrylate and
chloroprene rubber are slightly worse.
(6) Corrosion resistance: Natural rubber, styrene–butadiene, propylene–ethylene,
chloroprene, nitrile, urethane, and polyurethane rubber all have excellent
abrasion resistance, while silicone rubber and fluorosilicone rubber are less
corrosion resistant.
(7) Cold and heat resistance: The best are propylene–ethylene, silicon–copper,
and fluorosilicone rubber. Polyacrylate and fluorocarbon rubber are
heat-resistant but not cold-resistant; natural rubber, styrene–butadiene, urethane, and polyurethane rubber have good cold-resistant but slightly poor
heat-resistant.
(8) Weather aging resistance: natural rubber is the worst. Butadiene–styrene and
nitrile rubber are in general. The rest are mostly good.
(9) Fire resistance: fluorocarbon rubber is the best, followed by chloroprene,
fluorosilicone, and silicone rubber. Most of the rest are not fire-resistant.
(10) Water and steam resistance: propylene vinyl rubber is the best. Urethane and
natural rubber, styrene-butadiene, nitrile, and fluorocarbon rubber took the
second place. Polyacrylate and polyurethane rubber have poor water and
steam resistance.
(11) Acid resistance: Fluorocarbon rubber is the best. The acid resistance of
polyacrylate, urethane, and polyurethane rubber is poor.
(12) Oil resistance: polyacrylate, nitrile, urethane, and fluorocarbon rubber have
excellent oil resistance; natural rubber, styrene-butadiene and propylene vinyl
rubber are not oil-resistant.
(13) Ozone resistance: Except natural rubber, styrene-butadiene, nitrile, and urethane rubber, most of them have excellent ozone resistance.
9.1.2.4 Selection and Design of O-Ring
The sealing of O-ring and its application seem simple, but in fact, it is not easy to
achieve a good sealing effect, which requires proper selection and correct design.
The selection and design of O-rings must be based on the specific application
environment to ensure that O-rings are compatible with the application environment
factors such as the size of sealing components, sealing type, fluid medium, fluid
pressure, and ambient temperature. To this end, the following principles must be
followed:
(1) The specifications and dimensions of O-rings must be coordinated with the
sealed components to ensure proper compression of O-rings so as to achieve
effective sealing and good system performance. The maximum diameter
62
9 High-Temperature and High-Speed Gas Turbine Pump …
tear resistance of silicone rubber and fluorosilicone rubber is poor.
(5) Compressive permanent deformation: Urethane polyurethane, silicone,
fluorosilicone, and fluorocarbon rubber are the best. Polyacrylate and
chloroprene rubber are slightly worse.
(6) Corrosion resistance: Natural rubber, styrene–butadiene, propylene–ethylene,
chloroprene, nitrile, urethane, and polyurethane rubber all have excellent
abrasion resistance, while silicone rubber and fluorosilicone rubber are less
corrosion resistant.
(7) Cold and heat resistance: The best are propylene–ethylene, silicon–copper,
and fluorosilicone rubber. Polyacrylate and fluorocarbon rubber are
heat-resistant but not cold-resistant; natural rubber, styrene–butadiene, urethane, and polyurethane rubber have good cold-resistant but slightly poor
heat-resistant.
(8) Weather aging resistance: natural rubber is the worst. Butadiene–styrene and
nitrile rubber are in general. The rest are mostly good.
(9) Fire resistance: fluorocarbon rubber is the best, followed by chloroprene,
fluorosilicone, and silicone rubber. Most of the rest are not fire-resistant.
(10) Water and steam resistance: propylene vinyl rubber is the best. Urethane and
natural rubber, styrene-butadiene, nitrile, and fluorocarbon rubber took the
second place. Polyacrylate and polyurethane rubber have poor water and
steam resistance.
(11) Acid resistance: Fluorocarbon rubber is the best. The acid resistance of
polyacrylate, urethane, and polyurethane rubber is poor.
(12) Oil resistance: polyacrylate, nitrile, urethane, and fluorocarbon rubber have
excellent oil resistance; natural rubber, styrene-butadiene and propylene vinyl
rubber are not oil-resistant.
(13) Ozone resistance: Except natural rubber, styrene-butadiene, nitrile, and urethane rubber, most of them have excellent ozone resistance.
9.1.2.4 Selection and Design of O-Ring
The sealing of O-ring and its application seem simple, but in fact, it is not easy to
achieve a good sealing effect, which requires proper selection and correct design.
The selection and design of O-rings must be based on the specific application
environment to ensure that O-rings are compatible with the application environment
factors such as the size of sealing components, sealing type, fluid medium, fluid
pressure, and ambient temperature. To this end, the following principles must be
followed:
(1) The specifications and dimensions of O-rings must be coordinated with the
sealed components to ensure proper compression of O-rings so as to achieve
effective sealing and good system performance. The maximum diameter
62
9 High-Temperature and High-Speed Gas Turbine Pump …