hydrogen fuels, and developed ultrahigh pressure pneumatic hydrogen transmission
system.
Hydrogen storage technology is considered to be the key to the practical utilization of hydrogen energy. The main hydrogen storage modes are high-pressure
hydrogen storage, liquefaction hydrogen storage, metal hydride hydrogen storage,
activated carbon adsorption hydrogen storage at low temperature, carbon nanotubes
hydrogen storage, car-borne methanol reforming for hydrogen production, etc. At
present, under the organization of the Ministry of Science and Technology of
China, Tsinghua University, Dalian Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing Flying Green Energy, Shanghai Shenli, etc. have carried out
research on fuel cell vehicles, and some products have been published. Overseas,
most fuel cell vehicle prototypes launched by automobile companies adopt ultrahigh pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, followed by liquid hydrogen storage and
methanol catalytic reforming for hydrogen production, and a few adopt metal
hydride hydrogen storage and indirect hydrogen production. In order to increase the
driving distance and power–weight ratio after one hydrogenation, fuel cell vehicles
of major automobile companies have developed 70 MPa ultrahigh pressure
hydrogen storage vessel and fuel cell unit by using aerospace composite materials,
lightweight high-power solid motor and the filament winding technology of
high-pressure gas storage cylinder for reference. Compared with 35 MPa hydrogen
storage vessel, the hydrogen storage mass can be increased by 30% and the driving
distance can reach 500 km. However, with the commercialization and practicality
of fuel cell vehicles, the safety of ultrahigh pressure hydrogen storage vessel in
vehicle extreme environment has become a key problem to be solved and studied
urgently.
13.1.2 Space Hydrogen Energy Technology and Its
Application
13.1.2.1 Application of Hydrogen Energy Technology in Spacecraft
Since the discovery of hydrogen 250 years ago, hydrogen and hydrogen energy
have been widely used in industry. Since the twentieth century, with the development of human space industry, hydrogen energy has been successfully used in
human space, using liquid hydrogen to launch rockets and space shuttles to explore
the mystery of space. China’s self-developed Long March rocket CZ-3A, which
employs high thrust hydrogen–oxygen engine, cold helium heating and pressurization technology, low-temperature hydrogen energy double pendulum servo
mechanism technology and other key technologies to utilize hydrogen energy, has
been comparable to the advanced technology in the world. Among them, the high
thrust hydrogen–oxygen engine uses liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as the
propeller fuel. The specific impulse of the hydrogen–oxygen engine is high, and the
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13 Application of Pneumatic Technology in Fuel Cell Vehicles
system.
Hydrogen storage technology is considered to be the key to the practical utilization of hydrogen energy. The main hydrogen storage modes are high-pressure
hydrogen storage, liquefaction hydrogen storage, metal hydride hydrogen storage,
activated carbon adsorption hydrogen storage at low temperature, carbon nanotubes
hydrogen storage, car-borne methanol reforming for hydrogen production, etc. At
present, under the organization of the Ministry of Science and Technology of
China, Tsinghua University, Dalian Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing Flying Green Energy, Shanghai Shenli, etc. have carried out
research on fuel cell vehicles, and some products have been published. Overseas,
most fuel cell vehicle prototypes launched by automobile companies adopt ultrahigh pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, followed by liquid hydrogen storage and
methanol catalytic reforming for hydrogen production, and a few adopt metal
hydride hydrogen storage and indirect hydrogen production. In order to increase the
driving distance and power–weight ratio after one hydrogenation, fuel cell vehicles
of major automobile companies have developed 70 MPa ultrahigh pressure
hydrogen storage vessel and fuel cell unit by using aerospace composite materials,
lightweight high-power solid motor and the filament winding technology of
high-pressure gas storage cylinder for reference. Compared with 35 MPa hydrogen
storage vessel, the hydrogen storage mass can be increased by 30% and the driving
distance can reach 500 km. However, with the commercialization and practicality
of fuel cell vehicles, the safety of ultrahigh pressure hydrogen storage vessel in
vehicle extreme environment has become a key problem to be solved and studied
urgently.
13.1.2 Space Hydrogen Energy Technology and Its
Application
13.1.2.1 Application of Hydrogen Energy Technology in Spacecraft
Since the discovery of hydrogen 250 years ago, hydrogen and hydrogen energy
have been widely used in industry. Since the twentieth century, with the development of human space industry, hydrogen energy has been successfully used in
human space, using liquid hydrogen to launch rockets and space shuttles to explore
the mystery of space. China’s self-developed Long March rocket CZ-3A, which
employs high thrust hydrogen–oxygen engine, cold helium heating and pressurization technology, low-temperature hydrogen energy double pendulum servo
mechanism technology and other key technologies to utilize hydrogen energy, has
been comparable to the advanced technology in the world. Among them, the high
thrust hydrogen–oxygen engine uses liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as the
propeller fuel. The specific impulse of the hydrogen–oxygen engine is high, and the
324
13 Application of Pneumatic Technology in Fuel Cell Vehicles