31. Anderson DH, Harth G, Horwitz MA, Eisenberg D (2001) An interfacial mechanism and a
class of inhibitors inferred from two crystal structures of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 30
kda major secretory protein (antigen 85B), a mycolyl transferase1. J Mol Biol 307:671–681
32. Pawelczyk J, Brzostek A, Kremer L, Dziadek B, Rumijowska-Galewicz A, Fiolka M,
Dziadek J (2011) AccD6, a key carboxyltransferase, essential for mycolic acid synthesis in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is dispensable in a non-pathogenic strain. J Bacteriol
JB:05638-11
33. Reddy MC, Breda A, Bruning JB, Sherekar M, Valluru S, Thurman C, Ehrenfeld H,
Sacchettini JC (2014) Structure, activity, and inhibition of the carboxyltransferase b-subunit
of acetyl-coa carboxylase (AccD6) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents
Chemother 6122–6132
34. Boldrin F, Ventura M, Degiacomi G, Ravishankar S, Sala C, Svetlikova Z, Ambady A,
Dhar N, Kordulakova J, Zhang M (2014) The phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosyltransferase PimA is essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in vitro and in vivo.
J Bacteriol 3441–3451
35. Arvind A, Jain V, Saravanan P, Mohan CG (2013) Uridine monophosphate kinase as
potential target for tuberculosis: from target to lead identification. Interdiscip Sci Comput
Life Sci 5:296–311
36. Arvind A, Kumar V, Saravanan P, Mohan CG (2012) Homology modeling, molecular
dynamics and inhibitor binding study on MurD ligase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Interdiscip Sci Comput Life Sci 4:223–238
37. Kumar V, Saravanan P, Arvind A, Mohan CG (2011) Identification of hotspot regions of
MurB oxidoreductase enzyme using homology modeling, molecular dynamics and
molecular docking techniques. J Mol Model 17:939–953
38. Mansour TS, Caufield CE, Rasmussen B, Chopra R, Krishnamurthy G, Morris KM,
Svenson K, Bard J, Smeltzer C, Naughton S (2007) Naphthyl tetronic acids as multi-target
inhibitors of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. ChemMedChem Chem Enabling Drug
Discov 2:1414–1417
39. Tran AT, Watson EE, Pujari V, Conroy T, Dowman LJ, Giltrap AM, Pang A, Wong WR,
Linington RG, Mahapatra S (2017) Sansanmycin natural product analogues as potent and
selective anti-mycobacterials that inhibit lipid I biosynthesis. Nat Commun 8:14414
40. Silver LL (2003) Novel inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Curr Opin Microbiol
6:431–438
41. Silver LL (2006) Does the cell wall of bacteria remain a viable source of targets for novel
antibiotics? Biochem Pharmacol 71:996–1005
42. Vollmer W, Blanot D, De Pedro MA (2008) Peptidoglycan structure and architecture. FEMS
Microbiol Rev 32:149–167
43. Lavollay M, Arthur M, Fourgeaud M, Dubost L, Marie A, Veziris N, Blanot D, Gutmann L,
Mainardi J-L (2008) The peptidoglycan of stationary-phase Mycobacterium tuberculosis
predominantly contains cross-links generated by L,D-transpeptidation. J Bacteriol 190:4360–
4366
44. Gupta R, Lavollay M, Mainardi J-L, Arthur M, Bishai WR, Lamichhane G (2010) The
Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Ldt Mt2 is a nonclassical transpeptidase required for
virulence and resistance to amoxicillin. Nat Med 16:466–469
45. Sauvage E, Kerff F, Terrak M, Ayala JA, Charlier P (2008) The penicillin-binding proteins:
structure and role in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 32:234–258
46. Bianchet MA, Pan YH, Basta LAB, Saavedra H, Lloyd EP, Kumar P, Mattoo R,
Townsend CA, Lamichhane G (2017) Structural insight into the inactivation of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis non-classical transpeptidase Ldt Mt2 by biapenem and
tebipenem. BMC Biochem 18:8
47. Kim HS, Kim J, Im HN, Yoon JY, An DR, Yoon HJ, Kim JY, Min HK, Kim S-J, Lee JY
(2013) Structural basis for the inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis L,D-transpeptidase
by meropenem, a drug effective against extensively drug-resistant strains. Acta Crystallogr D
Biol Crystallogr 69:420–431
Impact of Target-Based Drug Design in Anti-bacterial …
339
class of inhibitors inferred from two crystal structures of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 30
kda major secretory protein (antigen 85B), a mycolyl transferase1. J Mol Biol 307:671–681
32. Pawelczyk J, Brzostek A, Kremer L, Dziadek B, Rumijowska-Galewicz A, Fiolka M,
Dziadek J (2011) AccD6, a key carboxyltransferase, essential for mycolic acid synthesis in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is dispensable in a non-pathogenic strain. J Bacteriol
JB:05638-11
33. Reddy MC, Breda A, Bruning JB, Sherekar M, Valluru S, Thurman C, Ehrenfeld H,
Sacchettini JC (2014) Structure, activity, and inhibition of the carboxyltransferase b-subunit
of acetyl-coa carboxylase (AccD6) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents
Chemother 6122–6132
34. Boldrin F, Ventura M, Degiacomi G, Ravishankar S, Sala C, Svetlikova Z, Ambady A,
Dhar N, Kordulakova J, Zhang M (2014) The phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosyltransferase PimA is essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in vitro and in vivo.
J Bacteriol 3441–3451
35. Arvind A, Jain V, Saravanan P, Mohan CG (2013) Uridine monophosphate kinase as
potential target for tuberculosis: from target to lead identification. Interdiscip Sci Comput
Life Sci 5:296–311
36. Arvind A, Kumar V, Saravanan P, Mohan CG (2012) Homology modeling, molecular
dynamics and inhibitor binding study on MurD ligase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Interdiscip Sci Comput Life Sci 4:223–238
37. Kumar V, Saravanan P, Arvind A, Mohan CG (2011) Identification of hotspot regions of
MurB oxidoreductase enzyme using homology modeling, molecular dynamics and
molecular docking techniques. J Mol Model 17:939–953
38. Mansour TS, Caufield CE, Rasmussen B, Chopra R, Krishnamurthy G, Morris KM,
Svenson K, Bard J, Smeltzer C, Naughton S (2007) Naphthyl tetronic acids as multi-target
inhibitors of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. ChemMedChem Chem Enabling Drug
Discov 2:1414–1417
39. Tran AT, Watson EE, Pujari V, Conroy T, Dowman LJ, Giltrap AM, Pang A, Wong WR,
Linington RG, Mahapatra S (2017) Sansanmycin natural product analogues as potent and
selective anti-mycobacterials that inhibit lipid I biosynthesis. Nat Commun 8:14414
40. Silver LL (2003) Novel inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Curr Opin Microbiol
6:431–438
41. Silver LL (2006) Does the cell wall of bacteria remain a viable source of targets for novel
antibiotics? Biochem Pharmacol 71:996–1005
42. Vollmer W, Blanot D, De Pedro MA (2008) Peptidoglycan structure and architecture. FEMS
Microbiol Rev 32:149–167
43. Lavollay M, Arthur M, Fourgeaud M, Dubost L, Marie A, Veziris N, Blanot D, Gutmann L,
Mainardi J-L (2008) The peptidoglycan of stationary-phase Mycobacterium tuberculosis
predominantly contains cross-links generated by L,D-transpeptidation. J Bacteriol 190:4360–
4366
44. Gupta R, Lavollay M, Mainardi J-L, Arthur M, Bishai WR, Lamichhane G (2010) The
Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Ldt Mt2 is a nonclassical transpeptidase required for
virulence and resistance to amoxicillin. Nat Med 16:466–469
45. Sauvage E, Kerff F, Terrak M, Ayala JA, Charlier P (2008) The penicillin-binding proteins:
structure and role in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 32:234–258
46. Bianchet MA, Pan YH, Basta LAB, Saavedra H, Lloyd EP, Kumar P, Mattoo R,
Townsend CA, Lamichhane G (2017) Structural insight into the inactivation of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis non-classical transpeptidase Ldt Mt2 by biapenem and
tebipenem. BMC Biochem 18:8
47. Kim HS, Kim J, Im HN, Yoon JY, An DR, Yoon HJ, Kim JY, Min HK, Kim S-J, Lee JY
(2013) Structural basis for the inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis L,D-transpeptidase
by meropenem, a drug effective against extensively drug-resistant strains. Acta Crystallogr D
Biol Crystallogr 69:420–431
Impact of Target-Based Drug Design in Anti-bacterial …
339