38
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
20,000 40,000 60,000
Concentration (ppm)
80,000 100,000 120,000
Diesel 100%
RPO 50%
RPO 100%
140,000 160,000 180,000 200,000
Pb
Distances (km)
Figure 2.13
Pb concentration on mileage accumulation. (From Raadnui, S. and Meenak, A., Wear, 254,
1281–88, 2003. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Publications.)
in power generation and water pumping generator motor set applications
rather than automotive engine application.
2.5 Advantages of Vegetable Oils
1. Vegetable oils can be used as substitute fuel for diesel engine
application.
2. Use of vegetable oil for fuel purposes reduces the import of costly
petroleum and improves the economy of agricultural countries.
3. They are biodegradable and nontoxic.
4. Vegetable oils are of low aromatics and low sulfur content and hence
reduce the particulate matter emissions.
5. They have a reasonable cetane number and hence possesses less
knocking tendency.
6. Vegetable oils are environmentally friendly fuels.
7. Enhanced lubricity, thereby no major modification is required in the
engine.
8. Use of vegetable oils improves the personal safety also (flash point of
vegetable oil is above 100ºC).
9. These are usable within the existing petroleum diesel infrastructure
with minor or no modification in the engine.
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
20,000 40,000 60,000
Concentration (ppm)
80,000 100,000 120,000
Diesel 100%
RPO 50%
RPO 100%
140,000 160,000 180,000 200,000
Pb
Distances (km)
Figure 2.13
Pb concentration on mileage accumulation. (From Raadnui, S. and Meenak, A., Wear, 254,
1281–88, 2003. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Publications.)
in power generation and water pumping generator motor set applications
rather than automotive engine application.
2.5 Advantages of Vegetable Oils
1. Vegetable oils can be used as substitute fuel for diesel engine
application.
2. Use of vegetable oil for fuel purposes reduces the import of costly
petroleum and improves the economy of agricultural countries.
3. They are biodegradable and nontoxic.
4. Vegetable oils are of low aromatics and low sulfur content and hence
reduce the particulate matter emissions.
5. They have a reasonable cetane number and hence possesses less
knocking tendency.
6. Vegetable oils are environmentally friendly fuels.
7. Enhanced lubricity, thereby no major modification is required in the
engine.
8. Use of vegetable oils improves the personal safety also (flash point of
vegetable oil is above 100ºC).
9. These are usable within the existing petroleum diesel infrastructure
with minor or no modification in the engine.