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Hybrid Vehicles
Launching
Decelerating/braking
M
T
B
E
F
P
G
D
M
T
B
E
F
P
G
D
Accelerating
Battery charging during driving
M
T
B
E
F
P
G
D
Normal driving
M
T
B
E
F
P
G
D
Battery charging
M
T
B
E
F
P
G
D
B: Battery
E: Engine
F: Fuel tank
G: Generator
M: Motor
P: Power converter
T: Transmission
D: Differential
Electrical link
Hydraulic link
Mechanical link
M
T
B
E
F
P
G
D
Figure 12.7
Motor-heavy series–parallel hybrid operating modes.
not only drives the vehicle but also the generator to charge the battery. When
the vehicle is at a standstill, the engine can maintain driving the generator
to charge the battery.
12.4.4 Complex Hybrid Operation
The development of complex hybrid control has been focused on the dualaxle propulsion system for HEVs. In this system, the front-wheel axle and
rear-wheel axle are separately driven. There is no mechanical shaft or
transfer to connect the front and rear axles, so it enables a more lightweight
propulsion system and increases the vehicle packaging flexibility. Moreover,