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Electric Vehicles
the motor that runs the vehicle. An EV is operated by an electric motor, which
draws electricity from a battery bank. Different types of batteries for EVs and
other applications are being developed for better performance. Electric vehicles should match with comparable petrol or diesel driven vehicles in terms of
performance, reliability, durability, and cost.
In order to properly assess the use of the electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems (storage batteries, super capacitors, and fuel cells) to
power EVs, it is mandatory to quantitatively estimate the power and energy
required for propelling a modern car (Shukla et al. 2001).
P traction = P grade + P accel + P tires + P aero + P inertial ,
where, P grade is the power required for the gradient;
P accel is the power required for acceleration;
P tires is the rolling resistance power consumed by the tires;
P aero is the power consumed by the aerodynamic drag; and
P inertial include inertial losses of rotating components.
Loss in electrical devices occurs when energy is consumed by the battery
management system and the cooling device that controls the battery’s temperature. The battery management system monitors the state of the batteries,
delivers the proper charging current, and maintains safety.
During battery pack charging, part of the energy is converted to heat
and lost due to the battery’s internal resistance when a lead–acid battery
is charged over the rated capacity by a certain percentage to ensure a full
charge. While driving, part of the energy is converted to heat and lost due to
the battery’s internal resistance (Ogura 1997).
10.3 Construction of Electric Vehicles
The EV consists of all the parts similar to conventional automobiles, however
the internal combustion engine power train is replaced by motor and battery.
Modern EVs are built with the original body and frame to meet the structural requirements and to provide the wide flexibility of electric propulsion.
Figure 10.1 shows the major parts of a basic EV power train. A typical configuration of modern EVs include energy source, electric motor propulsion,
and control system (Ehsani et al. 2005).
10.3.1 Motor
The electrical energy available in the battery is in the form of direct current. Direct current (DC) motors are used to convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy at the driving wheels. It is based on the principle that
Electric Vehicles
the motor that runs the vehicle. An EV is operated by an electric motor, which
draws electricity from a battery bank. Different types of batteries for EVs and
other applications are being developed for better performance. Electric vehicles should match with comparable petrol or diesel driven vehicles in terms of
performance, reliability, durability, and cost.
In order to properly assess the use of the electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems (storage batteries, super capacitors, and fuel cells) to
power EVs, it is mandatory to quantitatively estimate the power and energy
required for propelling a modern car (Shukla et al. 2001).
P traction = P grade + P accel + P tires + P aero + P inertial ,
where, P grade is the power required for the gradient;
P accel is the power required for acceleration;
P tires is the rolling resistance power consumed by the tires;
P aero is the power consumed by the aerodynamic drag; and
P inertial include inertial losses of rotating components.
Loss in electrical devices occurs when energy is consumed by the battery
management system and the cooling device that controls the battery’s temperature. The battery management system monitors the state of the batteries,
delivers the proper charging current, and maintains safety.
During battery pack charging, part of the energy is converted to heat
and lost due to the battery’s internal resistance when a lead–acid battery
is charged over the rated capacity by a certain percentage to ensure a full
charge. While driving, part of the energy is converted to heat and lost due to
the battery’s internal resistance (Ogura 1997).
10.3 Construction of Electric Vehicles
The EV consists of all the parts similar to conventional automobiles, however
the internal combustion engine power train is replaced by motor and battery.
Modern EVs are built with the original body and frame to meet the structural requirements and to provide the wide flexibility of electric propulsion.
Figure 10.1 shows the major parts of a basic EV power train. A typical configuration of modern EVs include energy source, electric motor propulsion,
and control system (Ehsani et al. 2005).
10.3.1 Motor
The electrical energy available in the battery is in the form of direct current. Direct current (DC) motors are used to convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy at the driving wheels. It is based on the principle that