Hydrogen
291
However, the commercialization of hydrogen associated with fuel cost,
infrastructure, and viability of technology depends on: high costs with the
onboard hydrogen storage or hydrogen production and fuel cells vehicles as
there is limited infrastructure for hydrogen distribution, it will be difficult to
establish markets for hydrogen vehicles or fuel cell vehicles and vice-versa;
technological advancement on development of fuel cell vehicles and more
mileage; and public awareness about safety and acceptance. These problems
will need to be overcome by government policies and the necessary actions
to protect the environment as well.
References
Ahmed, S., and M. Krumpelt. 2001. Hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cells.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 26:291–301.
Antunes, J. M. G., R. Mikalsen, and A. P. Roskilly. 2009. An experimental study of a
direct injection compression ignition hydrogen engine. International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy 34 (15): 6516–22.
Astbury, G. R. 2008. A review of the properties and hazards of some alternative fuels.
Process Safety and Environment Protection 86:397–414.
BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2004. Available at http://www.bp.com/
liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/downloads/S/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2004.pdf
Burke, A. and M. Gardiner. 2005. Hydrogen Storage Options: Technologies and Comparisons
for Light-duty Vehicle Applications, UCD-ITS-RR-05-01, Hydrogen Pathways
Program Institute of Transportation Studies, January 2005, University of
California-Davis.
CONCAWE. Well-to-wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and power trains in the
European context. A joint study by EUCAR/JRC/CONCAWE: Summary of
Results. Heinz Hass, FORD, www.ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/uploads/media/ WTW_
Report _220104.pdf
Carcassi, M. N., and N. Grasso. 2004. Safety, standards and regulations invited
lecture. Proceedings of hydrogen-power theoretical and engineering solutions international symposium, September 7–10, 2003 Porto Conte, Italy, eds. M. Marini
and G. Spazzafumo. Servizi Grafici Editoriali Padova, ISBN 88-86281-90-0;
569–79.
Das, L. M. 1996a. Hydrogen-oxygen reaction mechanism and its implication to
hydrogen engine combustion. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 21 (8):
703–15.
Das, L. M. 1996b. On-board hydrogen storage systems for automotive application.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 21 (9): 789–800.
Das, L. M. 2002. Hydrogen engine: Research and development (R&D) programmes in
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi. International Association for Hydrogen
Energy 27:953–65.
291
However, the commercialization of hydrogen associated with fuel cost,
infrastructure, and viability of technology depends on: high costs with the
onboard hydrogen storage or hydrogen production and fuel cells vehicles as
there is limited infrastructure for hydrogen distribution, it will be difficult to
establish markets for hydrogen vehicles or fuel cell vehicles and vice-versa;
technological advancement on development of fuel cell vehicles and more
mileage; and public awareness about safety and acceptance. These problems
will need to be overcome by government policies and the necessary actions
to protect the environment as well.
References
Ahmed, S., and M. Krumpelt. 2001. Hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cells.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 26:291–301.
Antunes, J. M. G., R. Mikalsen, and A. P. Roskilly. 2009. An experimental study of a
direct injection compression ignition hydrogen engine. International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy 34 (15): 6516–22.
Astbury, G. R. 2008. A review of the properties and hazards of some alternative fuels.
Process Safety and Environment Protection 86:397–414.
BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2004. Available at http://www.bp.com/
liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/downloads/S/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2004.pdf
Burke, A. and M. Gardiner. 2005. Hydrogen Storage Options: Technologies and Comparisons
for Light-duty Vehicle Applications, UCD-ITS-RR-05-01, Hydrogen Pathways
Program Institute of Transportation Studies, January 2005, University of
California-Davis.
CONCAWE. Well-to-wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and power trains in the
European context. A joint study by EUCAR/JRC/CONCAWE: Summary of
Results. Heinz Hass, FORD, www.ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/uploads/media/ WTW_
Report _220104.pdf
Carcassi, M. N., and N. Grasso. 2004. Safety, standards and regulations invited
lecture. Proceedings of hydrogen-power theoretical and engineering solutions international symposium, September 7–10, 2003 Porto Conte, Italy, eds. M. Marini
and G. Spazzafumo. Servizi Grafici Editoriali Padova, ISBN 88-86281-90-0;
569–79.
Das, L. M. 1996a. Hydrogen-oxygen reaction mechanism and its implication to
hydrogen engine combustion. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 21 (8):
703–15.
Das, L. M. 1996b. On-board hydrogen storage systems for automotive application.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 21 (9): 789–800.
Das, L. M. 2002. Hydrogen engine: Research and development (R&D) programmes in
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi. International Association for Hydrogen
Energy 27:953–65.