226
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
Further, LPG is not recommended for mountains or any kind of rough
terrain as it does not provide power and torque to the vehicle, as with other
fuels. Using LPG means the vehicle drives 20% less than with other sources
of fuel, resulting in more frequent refueling. In contrast to petrol or diesel
vehicles, starting is always a problem with LPG driven vehicles under 32ºF
(cold conditions), because at lower temperatures it has a lower vapor pressure. It is considered to be eco-friendly as it reduces the emission of carbon
dioxide by more than 40%. The use of LPG in cars is growing day by day, so
in future a gradual increase in its consumption can be seen. Also the lack
of many refilling stations is another drawback that needs to be improved in
future with the availability of the fuel itself. The other disadvantage is that
a small amount of trunk space of the vehicle may be lost in order to make
room for the LPG tank.
References
Kaptan, A., and Y. Kisioglu. 2007. Determination of burst pressures and failure
locations of vehicle LPG cylinders. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and
Piping 84:451–57.
Karamangil, M. I. 2007. Development of the auto gas and LPG-powered vehicle
sector in Turkey: A statistical case study of the sector for Bursa. Energy Policy
35:640–49.
Ozcan, H., and A. A. J. Yamin. 2008. Performance and emission characteristics of
LPG powered four stroke SI engine under variable stroke length and compression ratio. Energy Conversion and Management 49:1193–1201.
Ozcan, H., and M. S. Soylemez. 2006. Thermal balance of a LPG fuelled, four stroke SI
engine with water addition. Energy Conversion and Management 47:570–81.
Saleh, H. E. 2008. Effect of variation in LPG composition on emissions and performance in a dual fuel diesel engine. Fuel 87:30–39.
Saleh, H. E., and M. Y. E. Selim. 2010. Shock tube investigation of propane–air mixtures with a pilot diesel fuel or cotton methyl ester. Fuel 89:494–500.
Selim, M. Y. E. 2000. Pressure-Time characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with natural
gas. Renewable Energy 22:473–89.
Selim, M. Y. E. 2003. Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on some combustion characteristics of dual fuel engine. Energy Conversion and Management 44:707–21.
Selim, M. Y. E. 2004. Sensitivity of dual fuel engine combustion and knocking limits
to gaseous fuel composition. Energy Conversion and Management 45:411–25.
Selim, M. Y. E. 2005. Effects of engine parameters and gaseous fuel type on the cyclic
variability of dual fuel engines. Fuel 84:961–71.
Selim, M. Y. E., H. E. Saleh, and M. S. Radwan. 2008. Improving the performance of
dual fuel engines running on natural gas/LPG by using pilot fuel derived from
jojoba seeds. Renewable Energy 6:1173–85.
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
Further, LPG is not recommended for mountains or any kind of rough
terrain as it does not provide power and torque to the vehicle, as with other
fuels. Using LPG means the vehicle drives 20% less than with other sources
of fuel, resulting in more frequent refueling. In contrast to petrol or diesel
vehicles, starting is always a problem with LPG driven vehicles under 32ºF
(cold conditions), because at lower temperatures it has a lower vapor pressure. It is considered to be eco-friendly as it reduces the emission of carbon
dioxide by more than 40%. The use of LPG in cars is growing day by day, so
in future a gradual increase in its consumption can be seen. Also the lack
of many refilling stations is another drawback that needs to be improved in
future with the availability of the fuel itself. The other disadvantage is that
a small amount of trunk space of the vehicle may be lost in order to make
room for the LPG tank.
References
Kaptan, A., and Y. Kisioglu. 2007. Determination of burst pressures and failure
locations of vehicle LPG cylinders. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and
Piping 84:451–57.
Karamangil, M. I. 2007. Development of the auto gas and LPG-powered vehicle
sector in Turkey: A statistical case study of the sector for Bursa. Energy Policy
35:640–49.
Ozcan, H., and A. A. J. Yamin. 2008. Performance and emission characteristics of
LPG powered four stroke SI engine under variable stroke length and compression ratio. Energy Conversion and Management 49:1193–1201.
Ozcan, H., and M. S. Soylemez. 2006. Thermal balance of a LPG fuelled, four stroke SI
engine with water addition. Energy Conversion and Management 47:570–81.
Saleh, H. E. 2008. Effect of variation in LPG composition on emissions and performance in a dual fuel diesel engine. Fuel 87:30–39.
Saleh, H. E., and M. Y. E. Selim. 2010. Shock tube investigation of propane–air mixtures with a pilot diesel fuel or cotton methyl ester. Fuel 89:494–500.
Selim, M. Y. E. 2000. Pressure-Time characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with natural
gas. Renewable Energy 22:473–89.
Selim, M. Y. E. 2003. Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on some combustion characteristics of dual fuel engine. Energy Conversion and Management 44:707–21.
Selim, M. Y. E. 2004. Sensitivity of dual fuel engine combustion and knocking limits
to gaseous fuel composition. Energy Conversion and Management 45:411–25.
Selim, M. Y. E. 2005. Effects of engine parameters and gaseous fuel type on the cyclic
variability of dual fuel engines. Fuel 84:961–71.
Selim, M. Y. E., H. E. Saleh, and M. S. Radwan. 2008. Improving the performance of
dual fuel engines running on natural gas/LPG by using pilot fuel derived from
jojoba seeds. Renewable Energy 6:1173–85.