Methanol
105
Cheng et al. (2008b) investigated the performance and exhaust emissions of
a four-cylinder diesel engine operating on biodiesel with methanol in either
the blended or fumigation mode. They compared the results to those operating on pure biodiesel and pure diesel fuel. Experiments were performed on
a four-cylinder naturally aspirated DI diesel engine operating at a constant
speed of 1800 rpm with five different engine loads. The results indicated
reductions in CO 2 , NO x , and particulate mass emissions and reductions in
the mean particle diameter, in both cases, compared to diesel fuel.
The effects of methanol–diesel blends on CI engine emissions were investigated by Ilhan (2007). In that study, methanol-blended diesel fuels were
prepared using 99% pure methanol with the volumetric ratios of 0–15%.
The results demonstrated that NO x and CO 2 emissions increased as CO and
UHC emissions decreased with increasing amount of methanol in the fuel
mixture. Chao et al. (2001) investigated the effect of MCA on the regulated
and unregulated emissions from a diesel engine. The engine was tested on
a series of diesel fuels blended with five additive levels (0%, 5%, 8%, 10%,
and 15% of MCA by volume). Results showed that MCA addition slightly
decreased PM and NO x emissions but generally increased both UHC and
CO emissions.
Yao et al. (2008) studied the effect of diesel–methanol (DMMC) compound
combustion on diesel engine combustion and emissions. The amount of
methanol injected is controlled by an electronic control unit and depends on
engine output. Experiments were carried out at idle and five different engine
loads at two levels of engine speeds to compare engine emissions resulted
from pure diesel and DMMC use, with and without the oxidation catalytic
convertor. The results showed that the diesel engine operating with DMMC
could simultaneously decrease the soot and NO x emissions but increase the
UHC and CO emissions compared with the pure diesel.
Udayakumar, Sundaram, and Sivakumar (2004) investigated the effect of
fumigation methanol on exhaust emissions by using the injection method
into the inlet manifold. They carried out their tests with the inlet air heated
to 70°C. They reported that smoke and NO x emissions were both decreased
with methanol injection.
Chu (2008) investigated the influence of M0, M5, and M15 methanol/diesel
fuel mixture on a single-cylinder diesel engine without changing the engine
parameters. Test results showed that methanol addition caused less engine
power but improved fuel economy. Although the NO x , smoke, and CO emissions were significantly reduced, UHC emissions increased. Kulakoglu (2009)
investigated engine performance and exhaust emissions using methanol–
diesel blends in a DI diesel engine, and the maximum methanol mass fraction
was 15%. The results showed that there is an increase in the fuel consumption and NO x emissions and a decrease in the thermal efficiency, CO, and
UHC emissions when the methanol amount is increased in the mixture.
Popa, Negurescu, and Pana (2001) investigated the effect of the methanol–
diesel blend on the exhaust emissions. This paper presented the experimental
105
Cheng et al. (2008b) investigated the performance and exhaust emissions of
a four-cylinder diesel engine operating on biodiesel with methanol in either
the blended or fumigation mode. They compared the results to those operating on pure biodiesel and pure diesel fuel. Experiments were performed on
a four-cylinder naturally aspirated DI diesel engine operating at a constant
speed of 1800 rpm with five different engine loads. The results indicated
reductions in CO 2 , NO x , and particulate mass emissions and reductions in
the mean particle diameter, in both cases, compared to diesel fuel.
The effects of methanol–diesel blends on CI engine emissions were investigated by Ilhan (2007). In that study, methanol-blended diesel fuels were
prepared using 99% pure methanol with the volumetric ratios of 0–15%.
The results demonstrated that NO x and CO 2 emissions increased as CO and
UHC emissions decreased with increasing amount of methanol in the fuel
mixture. Chao et al. (2001) investigated the effect of MCA on the regulated
and unregulated emissions from a diesel engine. The engine was tested on
a series of diesel fuels blended with five additive levels (0%, 5%, 8%, 10%,
and 15% of MCA by volume). Results showed that MCA addition slightly
decreased PM and NO x emissions but generally increased both UHC and
CO emissions.
Yao et al. (2008) studied the effect of diesel–methanol (DMMC) compound
combustion on diesel engine combustion and emissions. The amount of
methanol injected is controlled by an electronic control unit and depends on
engine output. Experiments were carried out at idle and five different engine
loads at two levels of engine speeds to compare engine emissions resulted
from pure diesel and DMMC use, with and without the oxidation catalytic
convertor. The results showed that the diesel engine operating with DMMC
could simultaneously decrease the soot and NO x emissions but increase the
UHC and CO emissions compared with the pure diesel.
Udayakumar, Sundaram, and Sivakumar (2004) investigated the effect of
fumigation methanol on exhaust emissions by using the injection method
into the inlet manifold. They carried out their tests with the inlet air heated
to 70°C. They reported that smoke and NO x emissions were both decreased
with methanol injection.
Chu (2008) investigated the influence of M0, M5, and M15 methanol/diesel
fuel mixture on a single-cylinder diesel engine without changing the engine
parameters. Test results showed that methanol addition caused less engine
power but improved fuel economy. Although the NO x , smoke, and CO emissions were significantly reduced, UHC emissions increased. Kulakoglu (2009)
investigated engine performance and exhaust emissions using methanol–
diesel blends in a DI diesel engine, and the maximum methanol mass fraction
was 15%. The results showed that there is an increase in the fuel consumption and NO x emissions and a decrease in the thermal efficiency, CO, and
UHC emissions when the methanol amount is increased in the mixture.
Popa, Negurescu, and Pana (2001) investigated the effect of the methanol–
diesel blend on the exhaust emissions. This paper presented the experimental