24. Peeters M, Christiaans MPT, Janssen RAJ, Schoo HFM, Dekkers HPJM, Meijer EW (1997)
Circularly polarized electroluminescence from a polymer light-emitting diode. J Am Chem Soc
119:9909–9910
25. Geng Y, Trajkovska A, Katsis D, Ou JJ, Culligan SW, Chen SH (2002) Synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of monodisperse chiral oligofluorenes. J Am Chem Soc
124:8337–8347
26. Wilson JN, Steffen W, McKenzie TG, Lieser G, Oda M, Neher D, Bunz UHF (2002)
Chiroptical properties of poly( p-phenyleneethynylene) copolymers in thin films: large
g-values. J Am Chem Soc 124:6830–6831
27. Satrijo A, Meskers SCJ, Swager TM (2006) Probing a conjugated polymer’s transfer on
organization-dependent properties from solutions to films. J Am Chem Soc 128:9030–9031
28. Berova N, Di Bari L, Pescitelli G (2007) Application of electronic circular dichroism in
configuration and conformational analysis of organic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 36:914–931
29. Nakashima T, Atsumi K, Kawai S, Nakagawa T, Hasegawa Y, Kawai T (2007) Photochromism
of thiazole-containing triangle terarylenes. Eur J Org Chem 2007:3212–3218
30. Fukumoto S, Nakashima T, Kawai T (2011) Photon-quantitative reaction of a dithiazolylarylene
in solution. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:1565–1568
31. Fukumoto S, Nakashima T, Kawai T (2011) Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in a triangular
dithiazolyl-azaindole for efficient photoreactivity in polar and nonpolar solvents. Eur J Org
Chem 2011:5047–5053
32. Li R, Nakashima T, Galangau O, Iijima S, Kanazawa R, Kawai T (2015) Photon-quantitative
6p-electrocyclization of a diarylbenzo[b]thiophene in polar medium. Chem Asian J
10:1725–1730
33. Nakagawa T, Miyasaka Y, Yokoyama Y (2018) Photochromism of a spiro-functionalized
diarylethene derivative: multi-colour fluorescence modulation with a photon-quantitative
photocyclization reactivity. Chem Commun 54:3207–3210
34. Gavrel G, Yu P, Léaustic A, Gillot R, Métivier R, Nakatani K (2012) 4,4
0 -Bithiazole-based
tetraarylenes: new photochromes with unique photoreactive patterns. Chem Commun
48:10111–10113
35. Nakashima T, Yamamoto K, Kimura Y, Kawai T (2013) Chiral photoresponsive tetrathiazoles
that provide snapshots of folding states. Chem Eur J 19:16972–16980
36. Nakashima T, Imamura K, Yamamoto K, Kimura Y, Katao S, Hashimoto Y, Kawai T (2014)
Synthesis, structure, and properties of α,β-linked oligothiazoles with controlled sequence. Chem
Eur J 20:13722–13729
37. Hashimoto Y, Nakashima T, Shimizu D, Kawai T (2016) Photoswitching of an intramolecular
chiral stack in a helical tetrathiazole. Chem Commun 52:5171–5174
38. Sanchez-Cárnerero EM, Agarrabeitia AR, Moreno F, Maroto BL, Muller G, Ortiz MJ, de la
Moya S (2015) Circularly polarized luminescence from simple organic molecules. Chem Eur J
21:13488–13500
39. Brittain H, Ambrozich DL, Saburi M, Fendler JH (1980) Enhanced optical activity associated
with chiral 1-(1-hydroxyhexyl)pyrene excimer formation. J Am Chem Soc 102:6372–6374
40. Kano K, Matsumoto H, Hashimoto S, Sisido M, Imanishi Y (1985) Chiral pyrene excimer in the
γ-cyclodextrin cavity. J Am Chem Soc 107:6117–6118
41. Richardson FS, Riehl JP (1977) Circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. Chem Rev
77:773–792
42. Lunkley JL, Shirotani D, Yamanari K, Kaizaki S, Muller G (2008) Extraordinary circularly
polarized luminescence activity exhibited by cesium tetrakis(3-heptafluoro-butylryl-(+)camphorato) Eu(III) complexes in EtOH and CHCl 3 solutions. J Am Chem Soc
130:13814–13815
43. Carr R, Evans NH, Parker D (2012) Lanthanide complexes as chiral probes exploiting circularly
polarized luminescence. Chem Soc Rev 41:7673–7686
44. Aspinall HC (2002) Chiral lanthanide complexes: coordination chemistry and applications.
Chem Rev 102:1807–1850
194
T. Nakashima and T. Kawai
Circularly polarized electroluminescence from a polymer light-emitting diode. J Am Chem Soc
119:9909–9910
25. Geng Y, Trajkovska A, Katsis D, Ou JJ, Culligan SW, Chen SH (2002) Synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of monodisperse chiral oligofluorenes. J Am Chem Soc
124:8337–8347
26. Wilson JN, Steffen W, McKenzie TG, Lieser G, Oda M, Neher D, Bunz UHF (2002)
Chiroptical properties of poly( p-phenyleneethynylene) copolymers in thin films: large
g-values. J Am Chem Soc 124:6830–6831
27. Satrijo A, Meskers SCJ, Swager TM (2006) Probing a conjugated polymer’s transfer on
organization-dependent properties from solutions to films. J Am Chem Soc 128:9030–9031
28. Berova N, Di Bari L, Pescitelli G (2007) Application of electronic circular dichroism in
configuration and conformational analysis of organic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 36:914–931
29. Nakashima T, Atsumi K, Kawai S, Nakagawa T, Hasegawa Y, Kawai T (2007) Photochromism
of thiazole-containing triangle terarylenes. Eur J Org Chem 2007:3212–3218
30. Fukumoto S, Nakashima T, Kawai T (2011) Photon-quantitative reaction of a dithiazolylarylene
in solution. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:1565–1568
31. Fukumoto S, Nakashima T, Kawai T (2011) Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in a triangular
dithiazolyl-azaindole for efficient photoreactivity in polar and nonpolar solvents. Eur J Org
Chem 2011:5047–5053
32. Li R, Nakashima T, Galangau O, Iijima S, Kanazawa R, Kawai T (2015) Photon-quantitative
6p-electrocyclization of a diarylbenzo[b]thiophene in polar medium. Chem Asian J
10:1725–1730
33. Nakagawa T, Miyasaka Y, Yokoyama Y (2018) Photochromism of a spiro-functionalized
diarylethene derivative: multi-colour fluorescence modulation with a photon-quantitative
photocyclization reactivity. Chem Commun 54:3207–3210
34. Gavrel G, Yu P, Léaustic A, Gillot R, Métivier R, Nakatani K (2012) 4,4
0 -Bithiazole-based
tetraarylenes: new photochromes with unique photoreactive patterns. Chem Commun
48:10111–10113
35. Nakashima T, Yamamoto K, Kimura Y, Kawai T (2013) Chiral photoresponsive tetrathiazoles
that provide snapshots of folding states. Chem Eur J 19:16972–16980
36. Nakashima T, Imamura K, Yamamoto K, Kimura Y, Katao S, Hashimoto Y, Kawai T (2014)
Synthesis, structure, and properties of α,β-linked oligothiazoles with controlled sequence. Chem
Eur J 20:13722–13729
37. Hashimoto Y, Nakashima T, Shimizu D, Kawai T (2016) Photoswitching of an intramolecular
chiral stack in a helical tetrathiazole. Chem Commun 52:5171–5174
38. Sanchez-Cárnerero EM, Agarrabeitia AR, Moreno F, Maroto BL, Muller G, Ortiz MJ, de la
Moya S (2015) Circularly polarized luminescence from simple organic molecules. Chem Eur J
21:13488–13500
39. Brittain H, Ambrozich DL, Saburi M, Fendler JH (1980) Enhanced optical activity associated
with chiral 1-(1-hydroxyhexyl)pyrene excimer formation. J Am Chem Soc 102:6372–6374
40. Kano K, Matsumoto H, Hashimoto S, Sisido M, Imanishi Y (1985) Chiral pyrene excimer in the
γ-cyclodextrin cavity. J Am Chem Soc 107:6117–6118
41. Richardson FS, Riehl JP (1977) Circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. Chem Rev
77:773–792
42. Lunkley JL, Shirotani D, Yamanari K, Kaizaki S, Muller G (2008) Extraordinary circularly
polarized luminescence activity exhibited by cesium tetrakis(3-heptafluoro-butylryl-(+)camphorato) Eu(III) complexes in EtOH and CHCl 3 solutions. J Am Chem Soc
130:13814–13815
43. Carr R, Evans NH, Parker D (2012) Lanthanide complexes as chiral probes exploiting circularly
polarized luminescence. Chem Soc Rev 41:7673–7686
44. Aspinall HC (2002) Chiral lanthanide complexes: coordination chemistry and applications.
Chem Rev 102:1807–1850
194
T. Nakashima and T. Kawai