very fast. This is concomitant to the development of helicenes chemistry and
the creation of structural diversity of helical structures, either fully carbonated or
containing main-group elements, and to the development of CPL instrumentations
and CPL technology. However, a much higher degree of circular polarization
is still highly desirable for applications, for example, in chiroptical devices.
For this purpose, future work will be probably dedicated to the development of
supramolecular architectures, sophisticated homogeneous/heterogeneous mixtures,
aggregation induced emission (AIE) materials, or chiral TADF systems, to
obtain good CPL properties together with overall good quantum yield of
photoluminescence. In these domains, there is still plenty of room for fundamental
discoveries and for further applications. Finally, although not detailed in the
present chapter, theoretical calculations of CPL activity may be of great help to
anticipate highly efficient CPL-active systems. In this context, CPL-active helicenes
are good models for testing and improving theoretical tools.
References
1. Dekkers HPJM (2000) Circularly polarized luminescence: a probe for chirality in the
excited state. In: Berova N, Nakanishi K, Woody RW (eds) Circular dichroism: principles
and applications. Wiley-VCH, New York, pp 185–215
2. Riehl JP, Muller G (2012) Circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy and emissiondetected circular dichroism. In: Berova N, Polavarapu PL, Nakanishi K, Woody RW (eds)
Comprehensive chiroptical spectroscopy, vol 1. Wiley, Hoboken
3. Maeda H, Bando Y (2013) Recent progress in research on stimuli responsive circularly
polarized luminescence based on π-conjugated molecules. Pure Appl Chem 85:1967–1978
4. Kumar J, Nakashima T, Kawai T (2015) Circularly polarized luminescence in chiral molecules
and supramolecular assemblies. J Phys Chem Lett 6:3445–3452
5. Sánchez-Carnerero EM, Agarrabeitia AR, Moreno F, Maroto BL, Muller G, Ortiz MJ,
de la Moya S (2015) Circularly polarized luminescence from simple organic molecules.
Chem Eur J 21:13488–13500
6. Chen N, Yan B (2018) Recent theoretical and experimental progress in molecules circularly
polarized luminescence of small organic molecules. Molecules 23:3376
7. Shen Y, Chen C-F (2012) Helicenes: synthesis and applications. Chem Rev 112:1463–1535
8. Chen C-F, Shen Y (2017) Helicene chemistry: from synthesis to applications. Springer, Berlin
9. Gingras M (2012) One hundred years of Helicene chemistry. Part 3: applications and properties
of carbohelicenes. Chem Soc Rev 42:1051–1095
10. Newman MS, Lednicer D (1956) The synthesis and resolution of hexahelicene. J Am Chem Soc
78:4765–4770
11. Zinna F, Di Bari L (2015) Lanthanide circularly polarized luminescence: bases and applications.
Chirality 27:1–13
12. Tanaka H, Inoue Y, Mori T (2018) Circularly polarized luminescence and circular dichroisms
in small organic molecules: correlation between excitation and emission dissymmetry factors.
ChemPhotoChem 2:386–402
13. Field JE, Muller G, Riehl JP, Venkataraman D (2003) Circularly polarized luminescence
from bridged triarylamine helicenes. J Am Chem Soc 125:11808–11809
14. Longhi G, Castiglioni E, Villani C, Sabia R, Menichetti S, Viglianisi C, Devlin F, Abbate S
(2016) Chiroptical properties of the ground and excited states of two thia-bridged triarylamine
heterohelicenes. J Photochem Photobiol A 331:138–145
4 Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Helicene and Helicenoid Derivatives
93
the creation of structural diversity of helical structures, either fully carbonated or
containing main-group elements, and to the development of CPL instrumentations
and CPL technology. However, a much higher degree of circular polarization
is still highly desirable for applications, for example, in chiroptical devices.
For this purpose, future work will be probably dedicated to the development of
supramolecular architectures, sophisticated homogeneous/heterogeneous mixtures,
aggregation induced emission (AIE) materials, or chiral TADF systems, to
obtain good CPL properties together with overall good quantum yield of
photoluminescence. In these domains, there is still plenty of room for fundamental
discoveries and for further applications. Finally, although not detailed in the
present chapter, theoretical calculations of CPL activity may be of great help to
anticipate highly efficient CPL-active systems. In this context, CPL-active helicenes
are good models for testing and improving theoretical tools.
References
1. Dekkers HPJM (2000) Circularly polarized luminescence: a probe for chirality in the
excited state. In: Berova N, Nakanishi K, Woody RW (eds) Circular dichroism: principles
and applications. Wiley-VCH, New York, pp 185–215
2. Riehl JP, Muller G (2012) Circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy and emissiondetected circular dichroism. In: Berova N, Polavarapu PL, Nakanishi K, Woody RW (eds)
Comprehensive chiroptical spectroscopy, vol 1. Wiley, Hoboken
3. Maeda H, Bando Y (2013) Recent progress in research on stimuli responsive circularly
polarized luminescence based on π-conjugated molecules. Pure Appl Chem 85:1967–1978
4. Kumar J, Nakashima T, Kawai T (2015) Circularly polarized luminescence in chiral molecules
and supramolecular assemblies. J Phys Chem Lett 6:3445–3452
5. Sánchez-Carnerero EM, Agarrabeitia AR, Moreno F, Maroto BL, Muller G, Ortiz MJ,
de la Moya S (2015) Circularly polarized luminescence from simple organic molecules.
Chem Eur J 21:13488–13500
6. Chen N, Yan B (2018) Recent theoretical and experimental progress in molecules circularly
polarized luminescence of small organic molecules. Molecules 23:3376
7. Shen Y, Chen C-F (2012) Helicenes: synthesis and applications. Chem Rev 112:1463–1535
8. Chen C-F, Shen Y (2017) Helicene chemistry: from synthesis to applications. Springer, Berlin
9. Gingras M (2012) One hundred years of Helicene chemistry. Part 3: applications and properties
of carbohelicenes. Chem Soc Rev 42:1051–1095
10. Newman MS, Lednicer D (1956) The synthesis and resolution of hexahelicene. J Am Chem Soc
78:4765–4770
11. Zinna F, Di Bari L (2015) Lanthanide circularly polarized luminescence: bases and applications.
Chirality 27:1–13
12. Tanaka H, Inoue Y, Mori T (2018) Circularly polarized luminescence and circular dichroisms
in small organic molecules: correlation between excitation and emission dissymmetry factors.
ChemPhotoChem 2:386–402
13. Field JE, Muller G, Riehl JP, Venkataraman D (2003) Circularly polarized luminescence
from bridged triarylamine helicenes. J Am Chem Soc 125:11808–11809
14. Longhi G, Castiglioni E, Villani C, Sabia R, Menichetti S, Viglianisi C, Devlin F, Abbate S
(2016) Chiroptical properties of the ground and excited states of two thia-bridged triarylamine
heterohelicenes. J Photochem Photobiol A 331:138–145
4 Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Helicene and Helicenoid Derivatives
93