22 Influence Study of the Bird Shape on the Birdstrike …
281
22.4 Conclusions
In this paper, four shapes of bird models are established, which are cylinder, ellipsoid,
sphere and cylinder with hemispheres at both ends. For the first time, the influence of
bird shape on the birdstrike response of flat blades is fully discussed. The maximum
displacement of the flat blade, the peak contact force and the peak energy absorption
of the flat blade are used to evaluate the impact damage level for flat blade in the
birdstrike. The simulation results show that spherical bird causes the most serious
damage under the premise of the same mass and same velocity. Therefore, in the
numerical study of birdstrike for engine, the use of spherical bird can make the
research results more conservative and ensure the safety of the engine structure.
References
1. Zhang, Y.K., Li, Y.L.: Numerical study on bird mechanical model computer simulation.
Comput. Simulat. 28(9), 67–70 (2011). (in Chinese)
2. Guida, M., Marulo, F., Polito, T., Meo, M., Riccio, M.: Design and testing of a fiber-metallaminate bird-strike-resistant leading edge. J. Aircr. 46(6), 2121–2129 (2009)
3. Heimbs, S.: Computational methods for bird strike simulations: a review. Comput. Struct.
89(23–24), 2093–2112 (2011)
4. Hu, D., Song, B., Wang, D., Chen, Z.: Experiment and numerical simulation of a full-scale
helicopter composite cockpit structure subject to a bird strike. Compos. Struct. 149, 385–397
(2016)
5. Diamantakos, I., Fotopoulos, K., Jamin, M., Eberhardt, A., Lampeas, G.: Investigation of bird
strike events on composite wing panels. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 40(10), 1538–1550
(2017)
6. Georgiadis, S., A. Gunnion, J., Thomson, R.S., Cartwright, B.K.: Bird-strike simulation for
certification of the Boeing 787 composite moveable trailing edge. Compos. Struct. 86(1–3),
258–268 (2008)
7. Zammit, A., Kim, M., Bayandor, J.: Bird-strike damage tolerance analysis of composite
turbofan engines. In: 27th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences,
Vol. 4, pp. 2824–2840, ICAS (2010)
8. Zhu, S.H., Tong, M.B.: Bird shape sensitivity to dynamic response of bird strike on aircraft
windshield. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. 40(4), 551–555 (2008). (in Chinese)
9. Kari, S., Gabrys, J., Lincks, D.: Birdstrike Analysis of radome and wing leading edge using
LS-DYNA. In: 5th International LS-DYNA Users Conference 414, 87–91 (1998)
10. Zhu, B.B., Cai, J.: Study on impact energy of bird strike of transport aircraft based on MCMC
method. Aeronaut. Comput. Techniq. 47, 94–96,100 (2017). (in Chinese)
11. Zhang, D.H., Fei, Q.G., Liu, H.Y.: Effects of bird’s striking orientation on bird impact analysis
based on a realistic bird model. J. Vibrat. Shock 34, 103–108 (2015). (in Chinese)
12. Liu, J., Li, Y., Guo, W., Shi, X., Peng, G., Ye, B.: Parameters inversion on bird constitutive
model Part I: Study on experiment of bird striking on plate. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica
Sinica 32(5), 802–811 (2011). (in Chinese)
13. Mccarthy, M. A., Xiao, J. Petrinic, R., N., Kamoulakos, A., Melito, V.: Modelling of bird strike
on an aircraft wing leading edge made from fibre metal laminates—Part 1: Material modelling.
Appl. Compos. Mater. 11, 295–315 (2004)
14. Liu, J., Li, Y., Shi, X., Liu, Y.: Parameters inversion on bird constitutive model Part II: Study on
model parameters inversion. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica 32(5), 812–821 (2011).
(in Chinese)
281
22.4 Conclusions
In this paper, four shapes of bird models are established, which are cylinder, ellipsoid,
sphere and cylinder with hemispheres at both ends. For the first time, the influence of
bird shape on the birdstrike response of flat blades is fully discussed. The maximum
displacement of the flat blade, the peak contact force and the peak energy absorption
of the flat blade are used to evaluate the impact damage level for flat blade in the
birdstrike. The simulation results show that spherical bird causes the most serious
damage under the premise of the same mass and same velocity. Therefore, in the
numerical study of birdstrike for engine, the use of spherical bird can make the
research results more conservative and ensure the safety of the engine structure.
References
1. Zhang, Y.K., Li, Y.L.: Numerical study on bird mechanical model computer simulation.
Comput. Simulat. 28(9), 67–70 (2011). (in Chinese)
2. Guida, M., Marulo, F., Polito, T., Meo, M., Riccio, M.: Design and testing of a fiber-metallaminate bird-strike-resistant leading edge. J. Aircr. 46(6), 2121–2129 (2009)
3. Heimbs, S.: Computational methods for bird strike simulations: a review. Comput. Struct.
89(23–24), 2093–2112 (2011)
4. Hu, D., Song, B., Wang, D., Chen, Z.: Experiment and numerical simulation of a full-scale
helicopter composite cockpit structure subject to a bird strike. Compos. Struct. 149, 385–397
(2016)
5. Diamantakos, I., Fotopoulos, K., Jamin, M., Eberhardt, A., Lampeas, G.: Investigation of bird
strike events on composite wing panels. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 40(10), 1538–1550
(2017)
6. Georgiadis, S., A. Gunnion, J., Thomson, R.S., Cartwright, B.K.: Bird-strike simulation for
certification of the Boeing 787 composite moveable trailing edge. Compos. Struct. 86(1–3),
258–268 (2008)
7. Zammit, A., Kim, M., Bayandor, J.: Bird-strike damage tolerance analysis of composite
turbofan engines. In: 27th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences,
Vol. 4, pp. 2824–2840, ICAS (2010)
8. Zhu, S.H., Tong, M.B.: Bird shape sensitivity to dynamic response of bird strike on aircraft
windshield. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. 40(4), 551–555 (2008). (in Chinese)
9. Kari, S., Gabrys, J., Lincks, D.: Birdstrike Analysis of radome and wing leading edge using
LS-DYNA. In: 5th International LS-DYNA Users Conference 414, 87–91 (1998)
10. Zhu, B.B., Cai, J.: Study on impact energy of bird strike of transport aircraft based on MCMC
method. Aeronaut. Comput. Techniq. 47, 94–96,100 (2017). (in Chinese)
11. Zhang, D.H., Fei, Q.G., Liu, H.Y.: Effects of bird’s striking orientation on bird impact analysis
based on a realistic bird model. J. Vibrat. Shock 34, 103–108 (2015). (in Chinese)
12. Liu, J., Li, Y., Guo, W., Shi, X., Peng, G., Ye, B.: Parameters inversion on bird constitutive
model Part I: Study on experiment of bird striking on plate. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica
Sinica 32(5), 802–811 (2011). (in Chinese)
13. Mccarthy, M. A., Xiao, J. Petrinic, R., N., Kamoulakos, A., Melito, V.: Modelling of bird strike
on an aircraft wing leading edge made from fibre metal laminates—Part 1: Material modelling.
Appl. Compos. Mater. 11, 295–315 (2004)
14. Liu, J., Li, Y., Shi, X., Liu, Y.: Parameters inversion on bird constitutive model Part II: Study on
model parameters inversion. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica 32(5), 812–821 (2011).
(in Chinese)