8.2.1 Evaluating Candidate Catalysts
162
8.2.2 The Circulation Apparatus
164
8.2.3 The Final Form of the Circulation Apparatus
167
8.2.4 Using These Machines
169
8.3
At Last …. the Breakthrough
171
8.4
Brunck, Bernthsen and Bosch
172
8.5
The Final Push
174
8.6
The End Game at Karlsruhe
178
Part II The Industrialisation of ‘Fixation’ and the Great War
9 The Auergesellschaft, Berlin
187
9.1
Introduction
187
9.2
Leopold Koppel
188
9.3
Electric Lighting
190
9.4
The Tungsten Filament Bulb
193
9.5
The Economics of Electric Lighting—Koppel’s
Strategic Aims
195
10 Of Koppel and the Kaiser
199
10.1 Progress at the BASF
199
10.2 18 February 1910, St. Helier, Jersey
200
10.3 The Scientific Union Meeting, 18 March 1910
203
10.4 Of Koppel and the Kaiser
205
11 From Karlsruhe to Oppau
211
11.1 Early Progress at the BASF
212
11.2 Nitrogen and Hydrogen
214
11.3 The Converters
215
11.4 Of Compressors and Valves
218
11.5 The First Ammonia Plant at Oppau
219
12 Berlin 1911–1914
223
12.1 The Patent War 1911–12
223
12.2 Let Me Publish Be Damned!
226
12.3 The Secrets of Synthetic Ammonia Really Revealed?
228
12.4 Life in Berlin, 1913
229
12.5 The Prelude to War
231
Contents
xix