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6 Nanomaterials for Batteries
and military but also in all fields of navigation and aviation. Lead-acid batteries
have the largest amount of civilian use in industry, because of its stable quality and
reasonable price. Lead-acid batteries are being improved for using as a power source
for electric vehicles and power storage. On the other hand, lead-acid batteries made
great progress in miniaturized, high performance and were required ease of use and
simple maintenance.
6.1.1.1 Classification of Lead-Acid Batteries
Lead accumulator can be divided the following according to purposes: ➀ The accumulator for motor vehicle start-up, for example, starting of cars, tractors, and internal
combustion engine. ➁ Fixed-type accumulator was being communications equipment power supply, switch off power plants and substations and it was being computer
and other non-power standby power supply. ➂ Traction battery for vehicle drive
power, such as the train station transport battery car, industrial and mining electric
locomotive power supply; ➃ Motorcycle with batteries. ➄ Shipping with batteries.
➅ Aviation with batteries. ➆ Tanks with batteries. ➇ Railway passenger car with
batteries. ➈ Beacon with batteries. ➉ Miner’s lamp with batteries.
According to the plate structure classification: ➀ The anointing type, positive and
negative plates are all made of lead alloy grille and coated with lead paste. ➁ Tube
type, the conductive skeleton of the positive plate is covered with woven fiber pipe,
and the active substance is put into the tube; the negative pole is made of ordinary
anointing pad. ➂ Form, the positive pole is made of pure lead, its active substance
is the thin layer of lead itself; the negative electrode USES the anointing pad. ➃
Semi-form, with pure lead cast into tight small square grid, then coated with lead
paste. ➄ The negative plate is anointed.
According to electrolyte and charging maintenance classification: ➀ Dry
discharge battery, the plate is in a dry discharge state, and the electrolyte is injected
and the initial charge can be used. ➁ Dry charged battery, the plate is in a dry
charging state, and the injection of electrolyte can be used for a short time. ➂ With
liquid storage battery, it can be used. ➃ No maintenance accumulator, normal use
process without maintenance plus water. ➄ Low maintenance battery, under normal
operating conditions, only a long time to add water once. ➅ The wet charge accumulator, after charging the electricity, pour out most of the electrolyte and can be used
during the storage period. The structure of lead accumulator is mainly composed of
positive plate group, negative plate group, electrolyte, and container. The positive
plate and the negative plate are composed of a grid and an active material. In addition
to supporting the active material, the plate grid also conducts electricity. The grid
generally uses lead antimony alloy, sometimes with pure lead or lead calcium alloy.
6 Nanomaterials for Batteries
and military but also in all fields of navigation and aviation. Lead-acid batteries
have the largest amount of civilian use in industry, because of its stable quality and
reasonable price. Lead-acid batteries are being improved for using as a power source
for electric vehicles and power storage. On the other hand, lead-acid batteries made
great progress in miniaturized, high performance and were required ease of use and
simple maintenance.
6.1.1.1 Classification of Lead-Acid Batteries
Lead accumulator can be divided the following according to purposes: ➀ The accumulator for motor vehicle start-up, for example, starting of cars, tractors, and internal
combustion engine. ➁ Fixed-type accumulator was being communications equipment power supply, switch off power plants and substations and it was being computer
and other non-power standby power supply. ➂ Traction battery for vehicle drive
power, such as the train station transport battery car, industrial and mining electric
locomotive power supply; ➃ Motorcycle with batteries. ➄ Shipping with batteries.
➅ Aviation with batteries. ➆ Tanks with batteries. ➇ Railway passenger car with
batteries. ➈ Beacon with batteries. ➉ Miner’s lamp with batteries.
According to the plate structure classification: ➀ The anointing type, positive and
negative plates are all made of lead alloy grille and coated with lead paste. ➁ Tube
type, the conductive skeleton of the positive plate is covered with woven fiber pipe,
and the active substance is put into the tube; the negative pole is made of ordinary
anointing pad. ➂ Form, the positive pole is made of pure lead, its active substance
is the thin layer of lead itself; the negative electrode USES the anointing pad. ➃
Semi-form, with pure lead cast into tight small square grid, then coated with lead
paste. ➄ The negative plate is anointed.
According to electrolyte and charging maintenance classification: ➀ Dry
discharge battery, the plate is in a dry discharge state, and the electrolyte is injected
and the initial charge can be used. ➁ Dry charged battery, the plate is in a dry
charging state, and the injection of electrolyte can be used for a short time. ➂ With
liquid storage battery, it can be used. ➃ No maintenance accumulator, normal use
process without maintenance plus water. ➄ Low maintenance battery, under normal
operating conditions, only a long time to add water once. ➅ The wet charge accumulator, after charging the electricity, pour out most of the electrolyte and can be used
during the storage period. The structure of lead accumulator is mainly composed of
positive plate group, negative plate group, electrolyte, and container. The positive
plate and the negative plate are composed of a grid and an active material. In addition
to supporting the active material, the plate grid also conducts electricity. The grid
generally uses lead antimony alloy, sometimes with pure lead or lead calcium alloy.