64
R. P. França et al.
to be represented by the “machine language” translation of the information already
present on the web page as well as the additional information that helps the computer
respond to queries [1, 31].
The solution offered by the Semantic Web is to create a minimal, high-level, shared
schema and one of the ontology languages defined for it. Relying on the idealization of
technology when it comes to existing content on the Internet tagged with ontologybased “metadata” and published in one of the standard ontology languages, it is
considered [32, 33].
The Semantic Web aims to connect knowledge of databases across the Internet
hence the need to create such languages derived from the fact that unlike
other “machine-readable” knowledge representation applications. The definition of
ontology is “models of a domain” with two special characteristics that must be
constructed from community-shared understandings. As well as modeled according
to standard syntaxes and logic-based formal semantics, where the concept of ontology
does not define the level of detail for modeling a domain ontology. Thus must be “a
formal and shared conceptualization of a domain, i.e., a description of concepts and
their relationships” [1, 4, 34].
3 Semantic Web Technologies
The Semantic Web at its core is the creation and implementation of technology
standards that enable and facilitate the exchange of information between personal
agents (devices). As well as establish a clear language for the most meaningful sharing
of data between information systems in general and these devices. In this sense, a
standardization of languages and technologies, as well as descriptive metadata is
required. So, all web users obey certain shared and common rules regarding the
storage of data and the description of this stored information that can be consumed
in an appropriate manner automatic and unambiguous by other human or machine
users. Thus, the creation and development of standards for data description and
a language that allows the construction and codification of shared meanings that
understand these standards is necessary, considering the current existence of the
common technological infrastructure of the Internet [35].
Description Logics (DLs) are useful for to define, ascertain, integrate, prescribe
and maintain ontologies, which are related with Semantic Web as one of the tools
that can sustain the technology, which provides a common understanding of the basic
semantic concepts employed to annotate Web pages [35, 36].
This tool provides an essential notion of the domain described by concept descriptions, with various inference capabilities that deduce implicit knowledge from the
explicitly represented knowledge. In other words, they are expressions employing
the concept and role constructors provided that are constructed from atomic concepts
(unary predicates) and atomic roles (binary predicates) [35, 36].
Description Logics, in general, are grounded on concepts (classes) that are
supported as sets of objects, and roles supported as binary relations on objects.
R. P. França et al.
to be represented by the “machine language” translation of the information already
present on the web page as well as the additional information that helps the computer
respond to queries [1, 31].
The solution offered by the Semantic Web is to create a minimal, high-level, shared
schema and one of the ontology languages defined for it. Relying on the idealization of
technology when it comes to existing content on the Internet tagged with ontologybased “metadata” and published in one of the standard ontology languages, it is
considered [32, 33].
The Semantic Web aims to connect knowledge of databases across the Internet
hence the need to create such languages derived from the fact that unlike
other “machine-readable” knowledge representation applications. The definition of
ontology is “models of a domain” with two special characteristics that must be
constructed from community-shared understandings. As well as modeled according
to standard syntaxes and logic-based formal semantics, where the concept of ontology
does not define the level of detail for modeling a domain ontology. Thus must be “a
formal and shared conceptualization of a domain, i.e., a description of concepts and
their relationships” [1, 4, 34].
3 Semantic Web Technologies
The Semantic Web at its core is the creation and implementation of technology
standards that enable and facilitate the exchange of information between personal
agents (devices). As well as establish a clear language for the most meaningful sharing
of data between information systems in general and these devices. In this sense, a
standardization of languages and technologies, as well as descriptive metadata is
required. So, all web users obey certain shared and common rules regarding the
storage of data and the description of this stored information that can be consumed
in an appropriate manner automatic and unambiguous by other human or machine
users. Thus, the creation and development of standards for data description and
a language that allows the construction and codification of shared meanings that
understand these standards is necessary, considering the current existence of the
common technological infrastructure of the Internet [35].
Description Logics (DLs) are useful for to define, ascertain, integrate, prescribe
and maintain ontologies, which are related with Semantic Web as one of the tools
that can sustain the technology, which provides a common understanding of the basic
semantic concepts employed to annotate Web pages [35, 36].
This tool provides an essential notion of the domain described by concept descriptions, with various inference capabilities that deduce implicit knowledge from the
explicitly represented knowledge. In other words, they are expressions employing
the concept and role constructors provided that are constructed from atomic concepts
(unary predicates) and atomic roles (binary predicates) [35, 36].
Description Logics, in general, are grounded on concepts (classes) that are
supported as sets of objects, and roles supported as binary relations on objects.