PerfectO: An Online Toolkit for Improving Quality …
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3.2 Ontology Methodologies and Ontology Design Patterns
(ODPs)
Ontology methodologies encourage well-designed ontologies and their reuse. Reusing
ontologies is challenging. Sometimes several ontologies are using the same concept
that the ontology designers need. More guidance needs to be provided to assist in the
selection of ontologies. We reviewed existing ontology methodologies (also referenced in Table 1). The NeON [19] and Noy et al.’s [20] methodologies are the most
popular ones.
The Noy et al.’s ontology development 101 methodology encourages ontology
designers to reuse existing domain knowledge (e.g., ontologies) [20]. The methodology consists of the following iterative steps: (1) determination of the domain and
scope of the ontology, (2) reuse of existing ontologies, (3) enumeration of essential
terms, (4) definition of the classes and the class hierarchy, and (5) definition of the
properties and creation of instances.
The Neon project
4 recommends reusing available knowledge and proposes a
set of methodologies [32]. The Neon project focuses on nine scenarios [32]: (1)
from specification to implementation, (2) reusing and re-engineering non-ontological
resources, (3) reusing ontological resources, (4) reusing and re-engineering ontological resources, (5) reusing and merging ontological resources: ontology matching
tools enable ontology aligning or merging, (6) reusing merging, and re-engineering
ontological resources, (7) reusing ontology design pattern (ODPs), (8) restructuring
ontological resources, and (9) localizing ontological resources to translate of all the
ontology terms into another natural language. We are mainly interested in scenario
3 to help IoT developers in reusing ontologies relevant for IoT. The other future
steps are interesting for re-designing ontologies in an interoperable manner and not
”reinventing the wheel at each ontology development” to speed up the ontology
development process.
On-to-Knowledge is another methodology for designing ontologies comprised of
four steps: (1) kick-off, (2) refinement, (3) evaluation, and (4) ontology maintenance
[33].
Ontology methodologies such as NeOn [32] and METHONTOLOGY [34] have
been taken into consideration when designing PerfectO since the methodologies
highly encourage to document and reuse ontologies. For instance, METHONTOLOGY does not provide a set of tools. PerfectO enriches those methodologies with a
set of tools (presented in Sect. 7.3) to improve ontologies. Our approach is to reuse
as much as possible the existing tools by integrating them instead of redesigning a
new tool from scratch.
Ontology Design Patterns is a research topic itself, an entire book is dedicated to
this topic [35].
4 http://www.neon-project.org/.
169
3.2 Ontology Methodologies and Ontology Design Patterns
(ODPs)
Ontology methodologies encourage well-designed ontologies and their reuse. Reusing
ontologies is challenging. Sometimes several ontologies are using the same concept
that the ontology designers need. More guidance needs to be provided to assist in the
selection of ontologies. We reviewed existing ontology methodologies (also referenced in Table 1). The NeON [19] and Noy et al.’s [20] methodologies are the most
popular ones.
The Noy et al.’s ontology development 101 methodology encourages ontology
designers to reuse existing domain knowledge (e.g., ontologies) [20]. The methodology consists of the following iterative steps: (1) determination of the domain and
scope of the ontology, (2) reuse of existing ontologies, (3) enumeration of essential
terms, (4) definition of the classes and the class hierarchy, and (5) definition of the
properties and creation of instances.
The Neon project
4 recommends reusing available knowledge and proposes a
set of methodologies [32]. The Neon project focuses on nine scenarios [32]: (1)
from specification to implementation, (2) reusing and re-engineering non-ontological
resources, (3) reusing ontological resources, (4) reusing and re-engineering ontological resources, (5) reusing and merging ontological resources: ontology matching
tools enable ontology aligning or merging, (6) reusing merging, and re-engineering
ontological resources, (7) reusing ontology design pattern (ODPs), (8) restructuring
ontological resources, and (9) localizing ontological resources to translate of all the
ontology terms into another natural language. We are mainly interested in scenario
3 to help IoT developers in reusing ontologies relevant for IoT. The other future
steps are interesting for re-designing ontologies in an interoperable manner and not
”reinventing the wheel at each ontology development” to speed up the ontology
development process.
On-to-Knowledge is another methodology for designing ontologies comprised of
four steps: (1) kick-off, (2) refinement, (3) evaluation, and (4) ontology maintenance
[33].
Ontology methodologies such as NeOn [32] and METHONTOLOGY [34] have
been taken into consideration when designing PerfectO since the methodologies
highly encourage to document and reuse ontologies. For instance, METHONTOLOGY does not provide a set of tools. PerfectO enriches those methodologies with a
set of tools (presented in Sect. 7.3) to improve ontologies. Our approach is to reuse
as much as possible the existing tools by integrating them instead of redesigning a
new tool from scratch.
Ontology Design Patterns is a research topic itself, an entire book is dedicated to
this topic [35].
4 http://www.neon-project.org/.