6
1.3 cloud computIng
Despite its ubiquity, cloud computing, as we know it today, is a recent
phenomenon. It is hard to relate to the idea that when a company known
for selling books online, Amazon, launched Amazon Web Services in
2006, it would help create a public cloud computing market worth nearly
US$200 billion by 2019 (IDC 2019). In its most widely referenced definition, NIST define cloud computing as:
…model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model
is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models. (Mell and Grance, p. 2)
For the most part, the cloud model defined by Mell and Grance and the
subsequent cloud reference architecture introduced by Liu et al. (2011)
continue to be the basis of cloud computing industry. However, it would
be wrong to say that cloud computing has not evolved. In particular, the
emergence of the Internet of Things and Big Data, has led to the introduction and increasing adoption of a new service model, Function-as-aService, and two new computing paradigms, fog computing and edge
computing (Lynn et al. 2017; Iorga et al. 2018). While further discussion
is beyond the scope of this chapter, it is useful to be aware of these concepts and technology paradigms when considering trust and privacy issues,
not only in this chapter but throughout the book. It is also important to
note that these are not the only developments in cloud computing but the
most influential at the time of writing. Table 1.1 below provides a brief
definition of these some of the key concepts in cloud computing.
The essential characteristics of cloud computing, provide a wide range
of benefits to businesses including increased infrastructure reliability and
scalability (up and down), improved cashflow through reduced capital
expenditure (CapEx) and operational expenditure (OpEx), as well providing competitive capabilities through increased agility, faster time-tomarket, and new revenue streams (Lynn 2018). The induced effect for
consumers is better quality of service and quality of experience, at lower or
no financial cost. In the last two decades, advances in the coverage, speed,
and reliability of global telecommunications networks has made the large
T. LYNN ET AL.
1.3 cloud computIng
Despite its ubiquity, cloud computing, as we know it today, is a recent
phenomenon. It is hard to relate to the idea that when a company known
for selling books online, Amazon, launched Amazon Web Services in
2006, it would help create a public cloud computing market worth nearly
US$200 billion by 2019 (IDC 2019). In its most widely referenced definition, NIST define cloud computing as:
…model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model
is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models. (Mell and Grance, p. 2)
For the most part, the cloud model defined by Mell and Grance and the
subsequent cloud reference architecture introduced by Liu et al. (2011)
continue to be the basis of cloud computing industry. However, it would
be wrong to say that cloud computing has not evolved. In particular, the
emergence of the Internet of Things and Big Data, has led to the introduction and increasing adoption of a new service model, Function-as-aService, and two new computing paradigms, fog computing and edge
computing (Lynn et al. 2017; Iorga et al. 2018). While further discussion
is beyond the scope of this chapter, it is useful to be aware of these concepts and technology paradigms when considering trust and privacy issues,
not only in this chapter but throughout the book. It is also important to
note that these are not the only developments in cloud computing but the
most influential at the time of writing. Table 1.1 below provides a brief
definition of these some of the key concepts in cloud computing.
The essential characteristics of cloud computing, provide a wide range
of benefits to businesses including increased infrastructure reliability and
scalability (up and down), improved cashflow through reduced capital
expenditure (CapEx) and operational expenditure (OpEx), as well providing competitive capabilities through increased agility, faster time-tomarket, and new revenue streams (Lynn 2018). The induced effect for
consumers is better quality of service and quality of experience, at lower or
no financial cost. In the last two decades, advances in the coverage, speed,
and reliability of global telecommunications networks has made the large
T. LYNN ET AL.