6. Rosa S, Ntoukakis V, Ohmido N et al (2014)
Cell differentiation and development in Arabidopsis are associated with changes in histone
dynamics at the single-cell level. Plant Cell
26:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.114.
133793
7. Soutoglou E, Misteli T (2007) Mobility and
immobility of chromatin in transcription and
genome stability. Curr Opin Genet Dev
17:435–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.
2007.08.004
8. Brickner JH (2009) Transcriptional memory at
the nuclear periphery. Curr Opin Cell Biol
21:127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.
2009.01.007
9. Fraser P, Bickmore W (2007) Nuclear organization of the genome and the potential for
gene regulation. Nature 447:413–417.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05916
10. Horigome C, Bustard DE, Marcomini I et al
(2016) PolySUMOylation by Siz2 and Mms21
triggers relocation of DNA breaks to nuclear
pores through the Slx5/Slx8 STUbL. Genes
Dev 30:931–945. https://doi.org/10.1101/
gad.277665.116
11. Nagai S, Dubrana K, Tsai-Pflugfelder M et al
(2008) Functional targeting of DNA damage
to a nuclear pore-associated SUMO-dependent
ubiquitin ligase. Science 322:597–602.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1162790
12. Seeber A, Dion V, Gasser SM (2013) Checkpoint kinases and the INO80 nucleosome
remodeling complex enhance global chromatin
mobility in response to DNA damage. Genes
Dev 27:1999–2008. https://doi.org/10.
1101/gad.222992.113
13. Sexton T, Schober H, Fraser P, Gasser SM
(2007) Gene regulation through nuclear organization. Nat Struct Mol Biol 14:1049–1055.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1324
14. Bystricky K (2015) Chromosome dynamics
and folding in eukaryotes: insights from live
cell microscopy. FEBS Lett 589:3014–3022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.
012
15. Klein HL, Bac ˇinskaja G, Che J et al (2019)
Guidelines for DNA recombination and repair
studies: cellular assays of DNA repair pathways.
Microb Cell 6:1–64. https://doi.org/10.
15698/mic2019.01.664
16. Meister P, Gehlen LR, Varela E et al (2010)
Visualizing yeast chromosomes and nuclear
architecture. Methods Enzymol. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0076-6879(10)70021-5
17. Chen B, Gilbert LA, Cimini BA et al (2013)
Dynamic imaging of genomic loci in living
human cells by an optimized CRISPR/Cas system. Cell 155:1479–1491. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.001
18. Dreissig S, Schiml S, Schindele P et al (2017)
Live-cell CRISPR imaging in plants reveals
dynamic telomere movements. Plant J
91:565–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.
13601
19. Dion V, Kalck V, Horigome C et al (2012)
Increased mobility of double-strand breaks
requires Mec1, Rad9 and the homologous
recombination machinery. Nat Cell Biol
14:502–509.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
ncb2465
20. Dion V, Kalck V, Seeber A et al (2013) Cohesin
and the nucleolus constrain the mobility of
spontaneous repair foci. EMBO Rep
14:984–991.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
embor.2013.142
21. Horigome C, Dion V, Seeber A et al (2015)
Stress Responses 1292:77–96. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2522-3
22. Soutoglou E, Dorn JF, Sengupta K et al (2007)
Positional stability of single double-strand
breaks in mammalian cells. Nat Cell Biol
9:675–682.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
ncb1591
23. Matzke AJM, Watanabe K, van der Winden J
et al (2010) High frequency, cell type-specific
visualization of fluorescent-tagged genomic
sites in interphase and mitotic cells of living
Arabidopsis plants. Plant Methods 6:2.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-6-2
24. Rosa S, De Lucia F, Mylne JS et al (2013)
Physical clustering of FLC alleles during
polycomb-mediated epigenetic silencing in vernalization. Genes Dev 27:1845–1850. https://
doi.org/10.1101/gad.221713.113
25. Kato N (2003) Chromatin of endoreduplicated
pavement cells has greater range of movement
than that of diploid guard cells in Arabidopsis
thaliana. J Cell Sci 116:2195–2201. https://
doi.org/10.1242/jcs.00437
26. Hirakawa T, Katagiri Y, Ando T, Matsunaga S
(2015) DNA double-strand breaks alter the
spatial arrangement of homologous loci in
plant cells. Sci Rep 5. https://doi.org/10.
1038/srep11058
27. Jovtchev G, Watanabe K, Pecinka A et al
(2008) Size and number of tandem repeat
arrays can determine somatic homologous pairing of transgene loci mediated by epigenetic
modifications in Arabidopsis thaliana nuclei.
Chromosoma 117:267–276. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00412-007-0146-0
Visualizing and Measuring Single Locus Dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana
223
Cell differentiation and development in Arabidopsis are associated with changes in histone
dynamics at the single-cell level. Plant Cell
26:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.114.
133793
7. Soutoglou E, Misteli T (2007) Mobility and
immobility of chromatin in transcription and
genome stability. Curr Opin Genet Dev
17:435–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.
2007.08.004
8. Brickner JH (2009) Transcriptional memory at
the nuclear periphery. Curr Opin Cell Biol
21:127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.
2009.01.007
9. Fraser P, Bickmore W (2007) Nuclear organization of the genome and the potential for
gene regulation. Nature 447:413–417.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05916
10. Horigome C, Bustard DE, Marcomini I et al
(2016) PolySUMOylation by Siz2 and Mms21
triggers relocation of DNA breaks to nuclear
pores through the Slx5/Slx8 STUbL. Genes
Dev 30:931–945. https://doi.org/10.1101/
gad.277665.116
11. Nagai S, Dubrana K, Tsai-Pflugfelder M et al
(2008) Functional targeting of DNA damage
to a nuclear pore-associated SUMO-dependent
ubiquitin ligase. Science 322:597–602.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1162790
12. Seeber A, Dion V, Gasser SM (2013) Checkpoint kinases and the INO80 nucleosome
remodeling complex enhance global chromatin
mobility in response to DNA damage. Genes
Dev 27:1999–2008. https://doi.org/10.
1101/gad.222992.113
13. Sexton T, Schober H, Fraser P, Gasser SM
(2007) Gene regulation through nuclear organization. Nat Struct Mol Biol 14:1049–1055.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1324
14. Bystricky K (2015) Chromosome dynamics
and folding in eukaryotes: insights from live
cell microscopy. FEBS Lett 589:3014–3022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.
012
15. Klein HL, Bac ˇinskaja G, Che J et al (2019)
Guidelines for DNA recombination and repair
studies: cellular assays of DNA repair pathways.
Microb Cell 6:1–64. https://doi.org/10.
15698/mic2019.01.664
16. Meister P, Gehlen LR, Varela E et al (2010)
Visualizing yeast chromosomes and nuclear
architecture. Methods Enzymol. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0076-6879(10)70021-5
17. Chen B, Gilbert LA, Cimini BA et al (2013)
Dynamic imaging of genomic loci in living
human cells by an optimized CRISPR/Cas system. Cell 155:1479–1491. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.001
18. Dreissig S, Schiml S, Schindele P et al (2017)
Live-cell CRISPR imaging in plants reveals
dynamic telomere movements. Plant J
91:565–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.
13601
19. Dion V, Kalck V, Horigome C et al (2012)
Increased mobility of double-strand breaks
requires Mec1, Rad9 and the homologous
recombination machinery. Nat Cell Biol
14:502–509.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
ncb2465
20. Dion V, Kalck V, Seeber A et al (2013) Cohesin
and the nucleolus constrain the mobility of
spontaneous repair foci. EMBO Rep
14:984–991.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
embor.2013.142
21. Horigome C, Dion V, Seeber A et al (2015)
Stress Responses 1292:77–96. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2522-3
22. Soutoglou E, Dorn JF, Sengupta K et al (2007)
Positional stability of single double-strand
breaks in mammalian cells. Nat Cell Biol
9:675–682.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
ncb1591
23. Matzke AJM, Watanabe K, van der Winden J
et al (2010) High frequency, cell type-specific
visualization of fluorescent-tagged genomic
sites in interphase and mitotic cells of living
Arabidopsis plants. Plant Methods 6:2.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-6-2
24. Rosa S, De Lucia F, Mylne JS et al (2013)
Physical clustering of FLC alleles during
polycomb-mediated epigenetic silencing in vernalization. Genes Dev 27:1845–1850. https://
doi.org/10.1101/gad.221713.113
25. Kato N (2003) Chromatin of endoreduplicated
pavement cells has greater range of movement
than that of diploid guard cells in Arabidopsis
thaliana. J Cell Sci 116:2195–2201. https://
doi.org/10.1242/jcs.00437
26. Hirakawa T, Katagiri Y, Ando T, Matsunaga S
(2015) DNA double-strand breaks alter the
spatial arrangement of homologous loci in
plant cells. Sci Rep 5. https://doi.org/10.
1038/srep11058
27. Jovtchev G, Watanabe K, Pecinka A et al
(2008) Size and number of tandem repeat
arrays can determine somatic homologous pairing of transgene loci mediated by epigenetic
modifications in Arabidopsis thaliana nuclei.
Chromosoma 117:267–276. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00412-007-0146-0
Visualizing and Measuring Single Locus Dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana
223