172
7 Bioeconomy in the Oil Palm Republic of Indonesia
value chains, too, based not solely on oil palm but also on other crops and products
from Indonesia’s native biodiversity.
Third, a way to make supply contracts more equitable would be to require the
participation of grassroots organizations in the negotiation process to validate land
deals and contract terms. Such more equitable arrangements, perceived as fairer,
would likely reduce land conflicts between industries and rural communities, too.
Still, local development benefits are limited unless smallholders climb to the valueadded stages of production (i.e., palm fruit processing and oil extraction; and, eventually, also in other conjugated bioeconomy value chains). Value-added, however,
requires additional material and institutional capacity.
To push for these policy changes, the conservation coalition could seek an alliance
with smallholders to help with political, technological, and economic resources. In
the end, the best conservation strategy for Indonesia may be sustainable rural development. Diverse agroforestry systems with a more considerable measure of locally
owned technology, in particular, hold great promise (Dewi et al. 2005; Bastos Lima
et al. 2013; Pratiwi and Suzuki 2019). However, the pursuit of these and other sustainable development arrangements require far more effective advocacy and creative
strategizing from the ones preocuppied with the country’s current course.
References
Abram N, Meijaard E, Wilson KA, Davis JT, Wells JA et al (2017) Oil palm—community conflict
mapping in Indonesia: A case for better community liaison in planning for development initiatives.
Appl Geogr 78:33–44
Afiff SA (2014) Engineering the Jatropha hype in Indonesia. Sustainability 6(4):1686–1704
Asian Development Bank (2012) Asian development outlook 2012: Confronting rising inequality
in Asia. Asian Development Bank, Mandaluyong City
Asian Human Rights Commission (2011) Indonesia: The state of human rights in 2011 - The Decay
of Pancasila and Constitutional Protections. Report AHRC-SPR-006-2011. AHR Commission,
Hong Kong
Asmarini W, Christina B (2020) Indonesia’s Pertamina seeks palm oil supply guarantees
for biofuel. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/indonesia-palmoil-pertamina/indonesiaspertamina-seeks-palm-oil-supply-guarantees-for-biofuel-idUSL3N2AP2TR. Accessed 13 Oct
2020
Astuti R, McGregor A (2017) Indigenous land claims or green grabs? Inclusions and exclusions
within forest carbon politics in Indonesia. The Journal of Peasant Studies 44(2):445–466
Bahroeny JJ (2009) Palm oil as an economic pillar of Indonesia. The Jakarta Post. https://www.the
jakartapost.com/news/2009/12/02/palm-oil-economic-pillar-indonesia.html. Accessed 11 March
2021
Balch O (2013) Sustainable palm oil: How successful is RSPO certification? The Guardian. http://
www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-palm-oil-successful-rspo-certification.
Accessed 11 March 2021
Bastos Lima MG, Gupta J (2014) The extraterritorial dimensions of biofuel policies and the politics
of scale: Live and let die? Third World Q 35(3):392–410
Bastos Lima MG, Gupta J, van der Grijp N, Agus F (2013) Case study: Indonesia. In: Gupta J, van
der Grijp N, Kuik O (eds) Climate change, forests and REDD: Lessons for institutional design.
Routledge, London, pp 121–142
7 Bioeconomy in the Oil Palm Republic of Indonesia
value chains, too, based not solely on oil palm but also on other crops and products
from Indonesia’s native biodiversity.
Third, a way to make supply contracts more equitable would be to require the
participation of grassroots organizations in the negotiation process to validate land
deals and contract terms. Such more equitable arrangements, perceived as fairer,
would likely reduce land conflicts between industries and rural communities, too.
Still, local development benefits are limited unless smallholders climb to the valueadded stages of production (i.e., palm fruit processing and oil extraction; and, eventually, also in other conjugated bioeconomy value chains). Value-added, however,
requires additional material and institutional capacity.
To push for these policy changes, the conservation coalition could seek an alliance
with smallholders to help with political, technological, and economic resources. In
the end, the best conservation strategy for Indonesia may be sustainable rural development. Diverse agroforestry systems with a more considerable measure of locally
owned technology, in particular, hold great promise (Dewi et al. 2005; Bastos Lima
et al. 2013; Pratiwi and Suzuki 2019). However, the pursuit of these and other sustainable development arrangements require far more effective advocacy and creative
strategizing from the ones preocuppied with the country’s current course.
References
Abram N, Meijaard E, Wilson KA, Davis JT, Wells JA et al (2017) Oil palm—community conflict
mapping in Indonesia: A case for better community liaison in planning for development initiatives.
Appl Geogr 78:33–44
Afiff SA (2014) Engineering the Jatropha hype in Indonesia. Sustainability 6(4):1686–1704
Asian Development Bank (2012) Asian development outlook 2012: Confronting rising inequality
in Asia. Asian Development Bank, Mandaluyong City
Asian Human Rights Commission (2011) Indonesia: The state of human rights in 2011 - The Decay
of Pancasila and Constitutional Protections. Report AHRC-SPR-006-2011. AHR Commission,
Hong Kong
Asmarini W, Christina B (2020) Indonesia’s Pertamina seeks palm oil supply guarantees
for biofuel. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/indonesia-palmoil-pertamina/indonesiaspertamina-seeks-palm-oil-supply-guarantees-for-biofuel-idUSL3N2AP2TR. Accessed 13 Oct
2020
Astuti R, McGregor A (2017) Indigenous land claims or green grabs? Inclusions and exclusions
within forest carbon politics in Indonesia. The Journal of Peasant Studies 44(2):445–466
Bahroeny JJ (2009) Palm oil as an economic pillar of Indonesia. The Jakarta Post. https://www.the
jakartapost.com/news/2009/12/02/palm-oil-economic-pillar-indonesia.html. Accessed 11 March
2021
Balch O (2013) Sustainable palm oil: How successful is RSPO certification? The Guardian. http://
www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-palm-oil-successful-rspo-certification.
Accessed 11 March 2021
Bastos Lima MG, Gupta J (2014) The extraterritorial dimensions of biofuel policies and the politics
of scale: Live and let die? Third World Q 35(3):392–410
Bastos Lima MG, Gupta J, van der Grijp N, Agus F (2013) Case study: Indonesia. In: Gupta J, van
der Grijp N, Kuik O (eds) Climate change, forests and REDD: Lessons for institutional design.
Routledge, London, pp 121–142