Sanctions according to article 20 may be:
1) provisional withdrawal of the authorization granted;
2) definitive withdrawal of the authorization; and
3) a fine.
1.4 Self-Regulation Instruments on Data Protection
As aforementioned, member states of the ICCPR must guarantee protective measures to enforce the treaties’ articles. Article 40 of the ICCPR binds the member
states to answer to controlling procedures. Article 41 introduces an optional complaint procedure between the contracting states in front of the Human Rights
Committee.
Regarding the UNHCR Policy, it is due to the Data Protection Officer to
supervise, monitor and report on compliance with the Data Protection Policy. An
Ethics Officer provides further guidance.
For APEC, self-regulation instruments are mentioned in the commentary accompanying “14.”: “The Preventing Harm Principle recognizes that one of the primary
objectives of the APEC Privacy Framework is to prevent misuse of personal
information and consequent harm to individuals. Therefore, privacy protections,
including self-regulatory efforts, education and awareness campaigns, laws, regulations, and enforcement mechanisms, should be designed to prevent harm to individuals from the wrongful collection and misuse of their personal information. Hence,
remedies for privacy infringements should be designed to prevent harms resulting
from the wrongful collection or misuse of personal information, and should be
proportionate to the likelihood and severity of any harm threatened by the collection
or use of personal information.”
The OECD Privacy Framework states that the member countries should encourage and support models of self-regulation, paragraph 19 d) OECD Privacy
Framework.
2 Personal Data Processed by Electronic Means
2.1 Legislation and Case Law Covering the Protection
of Personal Data in the Context of Services Provided at
a Distance by Electronic Means
The UN Guidelines contain different principles
30 regarding the processing of personal data files and provide minimum guarantees as
30 Burkert (2003), p. 100.
UN Regulations
529
1) provisional withdrawal of the authorization granted;
2) definitive withdrawal of the authorization; and
3) a fine.
1.4 Self-Regulation Instruments on Data Protection
As aforementioned, member states of the ICCPR must guarantee protective measures to enforce the treaties’ articles. Article 40 of the ICCPR binds the member
states to answer to controlling procedures. Article 41 introduces an optional complaint procedure between the contracting states in front of the Human Rights
Committee.
Regarding the UNHCR Policy, it is due to the Data Protection Officer to
supervise, monitor and report on compliance with the Data Protection Policy. An
Ethics Officer provides further guidance.
For APEC, self-regulation instruments are mentioned in the commentary accompanying “14.”: “The Preventing Harm Principle recognizes that one of the primary
objectives of the APEC Privacy Framework is to prevent misuse of personal
information and consequent harm to individuals. Therefore, privacy protections,
including self-regulatory efforts, education and awareness campaigns, laws, regulations, and enforcement mechanisms, should be designed to prevent harm to individuals from the wrongful collection and misuse of their personal information. Hence,
remedies for privacy infringements should be designed to prevent harms resulting
from the wrongful collection or misuse of personal information, and should be
proportionate to the likelihood and severity of any harm threatened by the collection
or use of personal information.”
The OECD Privacy Framework states that the member countries should encourage and support models of self-regulation, paragraph 19 d) OECD Privacy
Framework.
2 Personal Data Processed by Electronic Means
2.1 Legislation and Case Law Covering the Protection
of Personal Data in the Context of Services Provided at
a Distance by Electronic Means
The UN Guidelines contain different principles
30 regarding the processing of personal data files and provide minimum guarantees as
30 Burkert (2003), p. 100.
UN Regulations
529