public safety including systems related to essential emergency services”.
346 Conviction thereunder may result in a fine not exceeding $100,000 SGD and/or to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years.
347 The courts have jurisdiction over all CMA
offences
348 ; however, the certain offences thereunder may be compounded.
349
Private Action There is a right of private civil action under the CMA. A court which
has convicted a person under the CMA may also order him/her to make compensation to a person “for any damage caused to his computer, program or data”.
350 Such
claim shall also “not prejudice any right to a civil remedy for the recovery of
damages beyond the amount of compensation paid under the order”.
351
Cybersecurity Act Regarding measures taken and/or requirements to prevent,
detect or counter threats to Singapore’s national security, essential services, defences
or foreign relations, obstruction of such measures or failure to comply with such
requirements is an offence, conviction of which may result in a fine not exceeding
$50,000 SGD and/or imprisonment not exceeding 10 years.
352 Additionally, a
person with information pursuant to the above measures and/or requirements who
uses or discloses such information has committed an offence, conviction under
which may result in a fine not exceeding $10,000 SGD and/or imprisonment for a
term not exceeding 12 months.
353
PS(G)A Public servants who share data (including personal data) without authorisation, or who make use of data to benefit themselves, can be fined up to $5000 SGD
and/or jailed for up to 2 years.
354 Public servants who re-identify (or cause
re-identification of) anonymised data without authorisation are also liable for the
same punishment.
355
POFMA
Anyone who communicates in Singapore a false statement of fact having certain
stated effects can be fined up to $50,000 SGD and/or jailed for up to 5 years.
356
Where “inauthentic online accounts” or “bots” are used to accelerate such communication, involved individuals can be fined up to $100,000 SGD and/or jailed for up
to 10 years; and non-individuals can be fined up to $1,000,000 SGD.
357
346 CMA ss 9(1)-(2).
347 CMA s 9(1).
348 CMA s 12.
349 CMA s 12A.
350 CMA s 13(1).
351 CMA s 13(2).
352 Cybersecurity Act ss 23(4)-(5).
353 Cybersecurity Act ss 23(8)-(9).
354 PS(G)A ss 7(1), (3).
355 PS(G)A s 8.
356 POFMA s 7(2). See Sect. 3.7.1.
357 POFMA s 7(3).
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346 Conviction thereunder may result in a fine not exceeding $100,000 SGD and/or to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years.
347 The courts have jurisdiction over all CMA
offences
348 ; however, the certain offences thereunder may be compounded.
349
Private Action There is a right of private civil action under the CMA. A court which
has convicted a person under the CMA may also order him/her to make compensation to a person “for any damage caused to his computer, program or data”.
350 Such
claim shall also “not prejudice any right to a civil remedy for the recovery of
damages beyond the amount of compensation paid under the order”.
351
Cybersecurity Act Regarding measures taken and/or requirements to prevent,
detect or counter threats to Singapore’s national security, essential services, defences
or foreign relations, obstruction of such measures or failure to comply with such
requirements is an offence, conviction of which may result in a fine not exceeding
$50,000 SGD and/or imprisonment not exceeding 10 years.
352 Additionally, a
person with information pursuant to the above measures and/or requirements who
uses or discloses such information has committed an offence, conviction under
which may result in a fine not exceeding $10,000 SGD and/or imprisonment for a
term not exceeding 12 months.
353
PS(G)A Public servants who share data (including personal data) without authorisation, or who make use of data to benefit themselves, can be fined up to $5000 SGD
and/or jailed for up to 2 years.
354 Public servants who re-identify (or cause
re-identification of) anonymised data without authorisation are also liable for the
same punishment.
355
POFMA
Anyone who communicates in Singapore a false statement of fact having certain
stated effects can be fined up to $50,000 SGD and/or jailed for up to 5 years.
356
Where “inauthentic online accounts” or “bots” are used to accelerate such communication, involved individuals can be fined up to $100,000 SGD and/or jailed for up
to 10 years; and non-individuals can be fined up to $1,000,000 SGD.
357
346 CMA ss 9(1)-(2).
347 CMA s 9(1).
348 CMA s 12.
349 CMA s 12A.
350 CMA s 13(1).
351 CMA s 13(2).
352 Cybersecurity Act ss 23(4)-(5).
353 Cybersecurity Act ss 23(8)-(9).
354 PS(G)A ss 7(1), (3).
355 PS(G)A s 8.
356 POFMA s 7(2). See Sect. 3.7.1.
357 POFMA s 7(3).
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