used in bioremediation to compete with indigenous microbial population is essential
for the successful bioremediation. Bioremediation approach would showcase sustainable and revitalizing strategies to escalate the options for reutilization of
contaminated sites, thus impacting the economic gains of the country. Besides, it
offers a build-up of stronger communities through partnerships amongst
organizations and individuals keeping the socio-economic and environmental
concerns in the centre of the table.
16.8 Conclusions
Contamination of soil with organic and inorganic pollutants is the major cause for
alteration in plant community structure pattern and crop loss worldwide. Such
pollutants beyond threshold levels for animals may lead to several toxic effects
through food chain contamination. Remediation of contaminated sites requires
attention towards inculcation and development of sustainable approach because
although several advanced technologies exist, they are very costly, labour-intensive
and also not environmentally benign options. Therefore, utilization of
microorganisms, plants and their integrated approach could make a better tactics to
degrade xenobiotic compounds. However, phytoremediation using naturally growing hyperaccumulators, different soil amendments, microbial assistance and transgenic plants are the most sustainable and viable approaches to remediate the
extensively large areas of polluted land without causing any environmental harm.
Thus, there is the need of upcoming era to focus on the research initiatives on the
exploration of different bioremediation techniques in stress environment and to
unravel the mechanisms involved. Such studies would be helpful in identifying
efficient microbe and plant species for effectual bioremediation of contaminated
sites. Nonetheless, bioremediation also provides economic, efficient and sustainable
remediation technology to manage contaminated sites at global level.
Acknowledgements Authors are thankful to the head and the coordinator, CAS in Botany,
coordinators, ISLS, DST-FIST, UGC-UPE, DST-PURSE, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu
University and Varanasi for basic facilities. Meenu Gautam is thankful to the Council of Scientific
and Industrial Research (File No. 09/013(0857)/2018-EMR-I), New Delhi, for research
associateship.
References
Abatenh E, Gizaw B, Tsegaye Z et al (2017) Application of microorganisms in bioremediationreview. J Environ Microbiol 1(1):02–09
Abhilash PC, Pandey VC, Srivastava P et al (2009) Phytofiltration of cadmium from water by
Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau grown in free-floating culture system. J Hazard Mater
170:791–797
Adrogué HJ, Madias NE (2014) The impact of sodium and potassium on hypertension risk. Sem
Nephrol 34:257–272
484
M. Gautam et al.
for the successful bioremediation. Bioremediation approach would showcase sustainable and revitalizing strategies to escalate the options for reutilization of
contaminated sites, thus impacting the economic gains of the country. Besides, it
offers a build-up of stronger communities through partnerships amongst
organizations and individuals keeping the socio-economic and environmental
concerns in the centre of the table.
16.8 Conclusions
Contamination of soil with organic and inorganic pollutants is the major cause for
alteration in plant community structure pattern and crop loss worldwide. Such
pollutants beyond threshold levels for animals may lead to several toxic effects
through food chain contamination. Remediation of contaminated sites requires
attention towards inculcation and development of sustainable approach because
although several advanced technologies exist, they are very costly, labour-intensive
and also not environmentally benign options. Therefore, utilization of
microorganisms, plants and their integrated approach could make a better tactics to
degrade xenobiotic compounds. However, phytoremediation using naturally growing hyperaccumulators, different soil amendments, microbial assistance and transgenic plants are the most sustainable and viable approaches to remediate the
extensively large areas of polluted land without causing any environmental harm.
Thus, there is the need of upcoming era to focus on the research initiatives on the
exploration of different bioremediation techniques in stress environment and to
unravel the mechanisms involved. Such studies would be helpful in identifying
efficient microbe and plant species for effectual bioremediation of contaminated
sites. Nonetheless, bioremediation also provides economic, efficient and sustainable
remediation technology to manage contaminated sites at global level.
Acknowledgements Authors are thankful to the head and the coordinator, CAS in Botany,
coordinators, ISLS, DST-FIST, UGC-UPE, DST-PURSE, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu
University and Varanasi for basic facilities. Meenu Gautam is thankful to the Council of Scientific
and Industrial Research (File No. 09/013(0857)/2018-EMR-I), New Delhi, for research
associateship.
References
Abatenh E, Gizaw B, Tsegaye Z et al (2017) Application of microorganisms in bioremediationreview. J Environ Microbiol 1(1):02–09
Abhilash PC, Pandey VC, Srivastava P et al (2009) Phytofiltration of cadmium from water by
Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau grown in free-floating culture system. J Hazard Mater
170:791–797
Adrogué HJ, Madias NE (2014) The impact of sodium and potassium on hypertension risk. Sem
Nephrol 34:257–272
484
M. Gautam et al.