America. Few other studies done between 1980 and 1990 show that the adults ingest
around 150–300 pg/TEG/day on a median scale of around 2.3 pg TEQ/day, a
maximum amount being 4 pg TEQ/Kg/day. The serum dioxin/furan levels among
Michigan past and current workers (The Dow Chemical Company) had little or no
impact of dioxin- and furan-contaminated sites; however, PCB 126 exhibited significant effect (Burns et al. 2008). Interestingly, a correlation with age and body fat with
the workers exposed to dioxins and furans contamination was observed. There is
very few information related to dioxin and furan contamination of human tissues
mainly because of the complications and difficulties in sample collection and tracing
back of source contamination. The ranges of contamination of both dioxins and
furans are similar in developing as well as developed countries. The standard values
that were recorded in several countries in 1989 in the human adipose tissue are listed
in Table 14.6.
Table 14.6 Dioxins and furans in human adipose tissue (ng/Kg wet tissue) in various countries
in 1989
Congener
Countries
United
States
Japan Germany Sweden Canada
North
Vietnam
South
Vietnam
2,3,7,8TCDD
7.2
9.0
150.0
3.0
6.4
<2
28.0
1,2,3,7,8PCDD
11.1
15.0
19.2
10.0
10.0
<2
15.0
1,2,3,6,7,8HCDD
96
70.0
77.0
15.0
81.0
11
100.0
1,2,3,7,8,9HCDD
–
12.0
9.4
4.0
–
–
–
1,2,3,4,6,7,8HCDD
164
77.0
56.0
97.0
135.0
28.0
178.0
Octa-CDD
707
230.0 267.0
414.0
830.0
104.0
1256.0
2,3,7,8TCDF
–
9.0
0.9
3.9
–
–
–
1,2,3,7,8PCDF
14.3
25.0
44.0
54.0
15.0
13.0
21.0
1,2,3,4,7,8HCDF
–
15.0
10.0
6.0
–
–
–
1,2,3,6,7,8HCDF
31.3
14.0
6.7
5.0
16.0
13.0
58.0
2,3,4,6,7,8HCDF
–
8.0
3.8
2.0
–
–
–
1,2,3,4,6,7,8HCDF
16.5
–
19.5
11.0
30.0
7.0
29.0
Octa-CDF
–
–
1.0
4.0
–
–
–
TCDD tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, PCDD polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, HCDD
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, CDD chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDF tetrachlorodibenzo-pfuran, PCDF polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furan, HCDF hexachlorodibenzo-p-furan, CDFchlorinated dibenzo-p-furan
406
J. G. A. Jeno et al.
around 150–300 pg/TEG/day on a median scale of around 2.3 pg TEQ/day, a
maximum amount being 4 pg TEQ/Kg/day. The serum dioxin/furan levels among
Michigan past and current workers (The Dow Chemical Company) had little or no
impact of dioxin- and furan-contaminated sites; however, PCB 126 exhibited significant effect (Burns et al. 2008). Interestingly, a correlation with age and body fat with
the workers exposed to dioxins and furans contamination was observed. There is
very few information related to dioxin and furan contamination of human tissues
mainly because of the complications and difficulties in sample collection and tracing
back of source contamination. The ranges of contamination of both dioxins and
furans are similar in developing as well as developed countries. The standard values
that were recorded in several countries in 1989 in the human adipose tissue are listed
in Table 14.6.
Table 14.6 Dioxins and furans in human adipose tissue (ng/Kg wet tissue) in various countries
in 1989
Congener
Countries
United
States
Japan Germany Sweden Canada
North
Vietnam
South
Vietnam
2,3,7,8TCDD
7.2
9.0
150.0
3.0
6.4
<2
28.0
1,2,3,7,8PCDD
11.1
15.0
19.2
10.0
10.0
<2
15.0
1,2,3,6,7,8HCDD
96
70.0
77.0
15.0
81.0
11
100.0
1,2,3,7,8,9HCDD
–
12.0
9.4
4.0
–
–
–
1,2,3,4,6,7,8HCDD
164
77.0
56.0
97.0
135.0
28.0
178.0
Octa-CDD
707
230.0 267.0
414.0
830.0
104.0
1256.0
2,3,7,8TCDF
–
9.0
0.9
3.9
–
–
–
1,2,3,7,8PCDF
14.3
25.0
44.0
54.0
15.0
13.0
21.0
1,2,3,4,7,8HCDF
–
15.0
10.0
6.0
–
–
–
1,2,3,6,7,8HCDF
31.3
14.0
6.7
5.0
16.0
13.0
58.0
2,3,4,6,7,8HCDF
–
8.0
3.8
2.0
–
–
–
1,2,3,4,6,7,8HCDF
16.5
–
19.5
11.0
30.0
7.0
29.0
Octa-CDF
–
–
1.0
4.0
–
–
–
TCDD tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, PCDD polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, HCDD
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, CDD chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDF tetrachlorodibenzo-pfuran, PCDF polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furan, HCDF hexachlorodibenzo-p-furan, CDFchlorinated dibenzo-p-furan
406
J. G. A. Jeno et al.