reconstruction of ecosystems, it emphasizes that it can fulfill its “ecological
valences” on the basis of the documentation provided by phytosociological research.
They demonstrate that viable, protective, and productive eco-cenoses are those that
are subject to long-term selection under the conditions of the particular biotope, and
their model can be followed in ecologically applied rebuilding.
Colonization of vegetation on the abiotic substrate resulting from the profound
deterioration of the natural environment, following various economic activities,
mining, metallurgy, and construction, by the accumulation of tailings after the
extraction of ore, through the development of tailings ponds, highways, dams, and
so on is achieved by particular stages of ecogenesis. The substrate, initially abiotic, is
populated with pioneer species, which have a high environmental tolerance amplitude to variations in environmental factors (Trivedi et al. 2016).
When installing this vegetation, interspecific competition is small or null.
Associations are made up of a small number of species that fix the slope, such as
Rumex scutatus with Galeopsis angustifolia and, on the northern slopes, wet, Rumex
with Tussilago farfara.
On the slopes, there is a vegetation with a deeply branched surface and deep root
system that resists the landslides, as well as the cleavage of the forest – Clematis
vitalba. On the metal-containing tailings, special metallophyte species (for Se, a
series of legumes; Sr, grasses; Zn, calming species; etc.) are installed. Colonization
and fixation of anthropogenic relief by phytocoenoses depends on the adaptive
capacities of the plant communities, the ecotypic variability (genetic biodiversity)
of the constituent species, and the physicochemical properties of the basic material.
Phytosociological studies can provide a scientific basis for finding optimal,
environmentally sound, and economically feasible solutions for barking and fixing
or for the use of tailings dumps in agriculture. In support of the idea of ecological
reconstruction, on the voluminous tailings dumps, accumulated in coal, salt, ferrous
and nonferrous metals, thermal power plants, and other industrial activities, the
arguments relate to tailings toxicity, unsightly appearance, danger of sliding the
anthropic relief, and the need for their reintegration into the economic circuit (Colin
et al. 2019).
4.10.1 Biological Recultivation of Degraded Lands
Vegetation coverage is the most economical and environmentally acceptable method
for stabilizing, bioremediating, and rehabilitating degraded land, reducing pollution.
The remediation and rehabilitation process must be integrated into ecological and
socioeconomic contexts.
The ecological remedy can be achieved by restoring the exact restoration of the
original ecosystem (the ecosystem prior to the degradation of the site), the restoration
of restoring an ecosystem similar to the original, but less than a complete restoration.
The replacement does not propose any restoration but a replacement of the original
ecosystem with another one. It can be a simpler yet more productive ecosystem
(an agricultural ecosystem, a meadow, or a pasture), or it can be simpler and less
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M. Butu et al.
valences” on the basis of the documentation provided by phytosociological research.
They demonstrate that viable, protective, and productive eco-cenoses are those that
are subject to long-term selection under the conditions of the particular biotope, and
their model can be followed in ecologically applied rebuilding.
Colonization of vegetation on the abiotic substrate resulting from the profound
deterioration of the natural environment, following various economic activities,
mining, metallurgy, and construction, by the accumulation of tailings after the
extraction of ore, through the development of tailings ponds, highways, dams, and
so on is achieved by particular stages of ecogenesis. The substrate, initially abiotic, is
populated with pioneer species, which have a high environmental tolerance amplitude to variations in environmental factors (Trivedi et al. 2016).
When installing this vegetation, interspecific competition is small or null.
Associations are made up of a small number of species that fix the slope, such as
Rumex scutatus with Galeopsis angustifolia and, on the northern slopes, wet, Rumex
with Tussilago farfara.
On the slopes, there is a vegetation with a deeply branched surface and deep root
system that resists the landslides, as well as the cleavage of the forest – Clematis
vitalba. On the metal-containing tailings, special metallophyte species (for Se, a
series of legumes; Sr, grasses; Zn, calming species; etc.) are installed. Colonization
and fixation of anthropogenic relief by phytocoenoses depends on the adaptive
capacities of the plant communities, the ecotypic variability (genetic biodiversity)
of the constituent species, and the physicochemical properties of the basic material.
Phytosociological studies can provide a scientific basis for finding optimal,
environmentally sound, and economically feasible solutions for barking and fixing
or for the use of tailings dumps in agriculture. In support of the idea of ecological
reconstruction, on the voluminous tailings dumps, accumulated in coal, salt, ferrous
and nonferrous metals, thermal power plants, and other industrial activities, the
arguments relate to tailings toxicity, unsightly appearance, danger of sliding the
anthropic relief, and the need for their reintegration into the economic circuit (Colin
et al. 2019).
4.10.1 Biological Recultivation of Degraded Lands
Vegetation coverage is the most economical and environmentally acceptable method
for stabilizing, bioremediating, and rehabilitating degraded land, reducing pollution.
The remediation and rehabilitation process must be integrated into ecological and
socioeconomic contexts.
The ecological remedy can be achieved by restoring the exact restoration of the
original ecosystem (the ecosystem prior to the degradation of the site), the restoration
of restoring an ecosystem similar to the original, but less than a complete restoration.
The replacement does not propose any restoration but a replacement of the original
ecosystem with another one. It can be a simpler yet more productive ecosystem
(an agricultural ecosystem, a meadow, or a pasture), or it can be simpler and less
110
M. Butu et al.