Nonetheless, upturn is not the ultimate intention of used nanoparticles. Saturated
nanoparticles obtained after their use to treat wastewater are extremely toxic waste
that demands safe disposal against prospect leakage of contaminants. Failure to
overcome this issue implies a striking rise in the overall price of the route. Hence, it
is important to explore the way of leaching out the entangled contaminants using the
experimental approaches which classify wastes as non-reactive and non-toxic. The
studies about the nature of ZnO, titania, and silver nanoparticles revealed that their
influence on the processes of biological landfill is unimportant, whereas the leachate
of metallic ionic species is principally related with other units. As the potency of
adsorption of a contaminant is improved, nanoparticles look extremely stable against
leaching. After this, saturated nanoparticles may be regarded and treated as
non-reactive waste. Otherwise, different solutions should be investigated to make
them inert. A model illustration is their use in building materials or ceramics as
additives.
18.5 Conclusions
Environmental remediation is an ever-evolving field. The methods and techniques to
address the challenges and rectify environmental threats are evolving with time.
Textile wastewater is one of the major sources of water pollution worldwide. With
the advent of nanotechnology, new and improved nanostructured sorbents and
photocatalysts have been designed and used. They have shown promising results;
however, still efforts are required to design more robust and efficient materials using
earth’s crust abundant elements.
Acknowledgments JA thanks higher education commission of Pakistan and MUST university for
financial assistance.
References
Akram B, Ahmad K, Khan J, Khan BA, Akhtar J (2018) Low-temperature solution-phase route to
sub-10 nm titanium oxide nanocrystals having super-enhanced photoreactivity. New J Chem
42:10947–10952
Benhamou A, Basly JP, Baudu M, Derriche Z, Hamacha R (2013) Amino-functionalized MCM-41
and MCM-48 for the removal of chromate and arsenate. J Colloid Interface Sci 404:135–139
Carp O, Huisman CL, Reller A (2004) Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide. Prog Solid State
Chem 32:33–177
Chalew Talia EA, Ajmani Gaurav S, Huang H, Schwab Kellogg J (2013) Evaluating nanoparticle
breakthrough during drinking water treatment. Environ Health Perspect 121:1161–1166
Crini G, Lichtfouse E (2019) Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater
treatment. Environ Chem Lett 17:145–155
Crini G, Lichtfouse E, Wilson LD, Morin-Crini N (2019) Conventional and non-conventional
adsorbents for wastewater treatment. Environ Chem Lett 17:195–213
18 Nanomaterials for Textile Waste Treatment
681
nanoparticles obtained after their use to treat wastewater are extremely toxic waste
that demands safe disposal against prospect leakage of contaminants. Failure to
overcome this issue implies a striking rise in the overall price of the route. Hence, it
is important to explore the way of leaching out the entangled contaminants using the
experimental approaches which classify wastes as non-reactive and non-toxic. The
studies about the nature of ZnO, titania, and silver nanoparticles revealed that their
influence on the processes of biological landfill is unimportant, whereas the leachate
of metallic ionic species is principally related with other units. As the potency of
adsorption of a contaminant is improved, nanoparticles look extremely stable against
leaching. After this, saturated nanoparticles may be regarded and treated as
non-reactive waste. Otherwise, different solutions should be investigated to make
them inert. A model illustration is their use in building materials or ceramics as
additives.
18.5 Conclusions
Environmental remediation is an ever-evolving field. The methods and techniques to
address the challenges and rectify environmental threats are evolving with time.
Textile wastewater is one of the major sources of water pollution worldwide. With
the advent of nanotechnology, new and improved nanostructured sorbents and
photocatalysts have been designed and used. They have shown promising results;
however, still efforts are required to design more robust and efficient materials using
earth’s crust abundant elements.
Acknowledgments JA thanks higher education commission of Pakistan and MUST university for
financial assistance.
References
Akram B, Ahmad K, Khan J, Khan BA, Akhtar J (2018) Low-temperature solution-phase route to
sub-10 nm titanium oxide nanocrystals having super-enhanced photoreactivity. New J Chem
42:10947–10952
Benhamou A, Basly JP, Baudu M, Derriche Z, Hamacha R (2013) Amino-functionalized MCM-41
and MCM-48 for the removal of chromate and arsenate. J Colloid Interface Sci 404:135–139
Carp O, Huisman CL, Reller A (2004) Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide. Prog Solid State
Chem 32:33–177
Chalew Talia EA, Ajmani Gaurav S, Huang H, Schwab Kellogg J (2013) Evaluating nanoparticle
breakthrough during drinking water treatment. Environ Health Perspect 121:1161–1166
Crini G, Lichtfouse E (2019) Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater
treatment. Environ Chem Lett 17:145–155
Crini G, Lichtfouse E, Wilson LD, Morin-Crini N (2019) Conventional and non-conventional
adsorbents for wastewater treatment. Environ Chem Lett 17:195–213
18 Nanomaterials for Textile Waste Treatment
681