Chapter 18
Nanomaterials for Textile Waste Treatment
Bilal Akram , Habib-ur-Rehman, and Javeed Akhtar
Contents
18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
18.2 Inorganic Nanomaterials as Sorbents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
18.2.1 Silica Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 666
18.2.2 Iron-Based Magnetic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 667
18.3 Concurrent Adsorption and Degradation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
18.3.1 Photocatalytically Active Inorganic Nanomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
18.3.2 Carbonaceous Composite Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
18.3.3 Polyurethane Composite Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
18.3.4 Melamine Foam Composite Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
18.3.5 Composite Materials Containing Cellulose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
18.4 Destiny of Used Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
18.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Abstract The blessings of modern civilization have created some adverse effects on
the earth’s ecosystem at micro- and macro-scale. Textile industries are an integral
part of modern civilization which has helped to shape our modern lifestyle. Unfortunately, side products from these industries, such as affluent (liquid form) or those
in gaseous forms, are being discharged constantly. This trend is more prominent in
under-developing countries where carbon emission and toxic dye discharge in fresh
water is growing at an alarming rate. Adsorption, ion exchange, ozonation, membrane filtration, crystallization, phytoremediation, flocculation, and photochemical
degradation are some of the methods used to address the problems associated with
B. Akram
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
e-mail: bai-l16@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
Habib-ur-Rehman · J. Akhtar (*)
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology
(MUST), Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Water Pollution and Remediation: Organic Pollutants,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 54,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52395-4_18
663
Nanomaterials for Textile Waste Treatment
Bilal Akram , Habib-ur-Rehman, and Javeed Akhtar
Contents
18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
18.2 Inorganic Nanomaterials as Sorbents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
18.2.1 Silica Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 666
18.2.2 Iron-Based Magnetic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 667
18.3 Concurrent Adsorption and Degradation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
18.3.1 Photocatalytically Active Inorganic Nanomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
18.3.2 Carbonaceous Composite Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
18.3.3 Polyurethane Composite Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
18.3.4 Melamine Foam Composite Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
18.3.5 Composite Materials Containing Cellulose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
18.4 Destiny of Used Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
18.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Abstract The blessings of modern civilization have created some adverse effects on
the earth’s ecosystem at micro- and macro-scale. Textile industries are an integral
part of modern civilization which has helped to shape our modern lifestyle. Unfortunately, side products from these industries, such as affluent (liquid form) or those
in gaseous forms, are being discharged constantly. This trend is more prominent in
under-developing countries where carbon emission and toxic dye discharge in fresh
water is growing at an alarming rate. Adsorption, ion exchange, ozonation, membrane filtration, crystallization, phytoremediation, flocculation, and photochemical
degradation are some of the methods used to address the problems associated with
B. Akram
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
e-mail: bai-l16@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
Habib-ur-Rehman · J. Akhtar (*)
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology
(MUST), Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Water Pollution and Remediation: Organic Pollutants,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 54,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52395-4_18
663