environment. So active work has to be done by the government agencies to strict the
norms and regulations on the permissible level of effluent discharge into the environment. Furthermore, systematic approaches have to be made in order to not only
reduce the pollutant but also to recover useful things from it which leads to
sustainable development.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge the cooperation and assistance received
from NIT Agartala. The corresponding author, Naveen Patel, is thankful Assistant Professor
Biswanath Bhunia, NIT, Agartala, India, Assistant Professor Vinod Kumar Chaudhary,
Dr. RMLAU, Ayodhya and other anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions to improve
this chapter.
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of their
chapter.
References
Ahmad MS. (2002) Biological treatment of tannery wastewaters. Doctoral dissertation, M. Sc
Thesis, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, UET, Lahore.
Alvarez SG, Maldonado M, Gerth A, Kuschk P (2004) Characterization of tannery effluents and
study of the water hyacinth in chromium recovery. Inf Tecnol 15:75–80. https://doi.org/10.
4067/S0718-07642004000300012
Avudainayagam S, Megharaj M, Owens G, Kookana RS, Chittleborough D, Naidu R (2003)
Chemistry of chromium in soils with emphasis on tannery waste sites. In: Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. Springer, New York, pp 53–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/
0-387-21728-2_3
Babyshakila P, Usha K (2009) Effect of diluted effluent on soil properties and plant growth. Adv
Stud Biol 1(8):391–398
Balasubramanian S, Pugalenthi V (2000) A comparative study of the determination of sulphide in
tannery waste water by ion selective electrode (ISE) and iodimetry. Water Res 34(17):
4201–4206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00190-1
Barman SC, Lal MM (1994) Accumulation of heavy metals (Zn, cu, cd and Pb) in soil and
cultivated vegetables and weeds grown in industrially polluted fields. J Environ Biol 15(2):
107–115
Basegio T, Berutti F, Bernardes A, Bergmann CP (2002) Environmental and technical aspects of
the utilisation of tannery sludge as a raw material for clay products. J Eur Ceram Soc 22(13):
2251–2259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00024-9
Bibi S, Khan RL, Nazir R, Khan P, Rehman HU, Shakir SK, Jan R (2016) Heavy metals analysis in
drinking water of Lakki Marwat District, KPK, Pakistan. World Appl Sci J 34(1):15–19. https://
doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2016.34.1.10252
Buljan J, Kral I (2011) Introduction to treatment of tannery effluents. UNIDO, Vienna
Camplin WC (2001) Effect of paper and pulp factory of Indonesia on the growth and yield potential
of cereal crops. Environ Pollut 33:324–331
Cassano A, Molinari R, Romano M, Drioli E (2001) Treatment of aqueous effluents of the leather
industry by membrane processes: a review. J Memb Sci 181(1):111–126. https://doi.org/10.
1016/S0376-7388(00)00399-9
Cassano A, Della PL, Drioli E (2007) Integrated membrane process for the recovery of chromium
salts from tannery effluents. Ind Eng Chem Res 46(21):6825–6830. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ie070144n
592
N. Patel et al.
norms and regulations on the permissible level of effluent discharge into the environment. Furthermore, systematic approaches have to be made in order to not only
reduce the pollutant but also to recover useful things from it which leads to
sustainable development.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge the cooperation and assistance received
from NIT Agartala. The corresponding author, Naveen Patel, is thankful Assistant Professor
Biswanath Bhunia, NIT, Agartala, India, Assistant Professor Vinod Kumar Chaudhary,
Dr. RMLAU, Ayodhya and other anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions to improve
this chapter.
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of their
chapter.
References
Ahmad MS. (2002) Biological treatment of tannery wastewaters. Doctoral dissertation, M. Sc
Thesis, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, UET, Lahore.
Alvarez SG, Maldonado M, Gerth A, Kuschk P (2004) Characterization of tannery effluents and
study of the water hyacinth in chromium recovery. Inf Tecnol 15:75–80. https://doi.org/10.
4067/S0718-07642004000300012
Avudainayagam S, Megharaj M, Owens G, Kookana RS, Chittleborough D, Naidu R (2003)
Chemistry of chromium in soils with emphasis on tannery waste sites. In: Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. Springer, New York, pp 53–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/
0-387-21728-2_3
Babyshakila P, Usha K (2009) Effect of diluted effluent on soil properties and plant growth. Adv
Stud Biol 1(8):391–398
Balasubramanian S, Pugalenthi V (2000) A comparative study of the determination of sulphide in
tannery waste water by ion selective electrode (ISE) and iodimetry. Water Res 34(17):
4201–4206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00190-1
Barman SC, Lal MM (1994) Accumulation of heavy metals (Zn, cu, cd and Pb) in soil and
cultivated vegetables and weeds grown in industrially polluted fields. J Environ Biol 15(2):
107–115
Basegio T, Berutti F, Bernardes A, Bergmann CP (2002) Environmental and technical aspects of
the utilisation of tannery sludge as a raw material for clay products. J Eur Ceram Soc 22(13):
2251–2259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00024-9
Bibi S, Khan RL, Nazir R, Khan P, Rehman HU, Shakir SK, Jan R (2016) Heavy metals analysis in
drinking water of Lakki Marwat District, KPK, Pakistan. World Appl Sci J 34(1):15–19. https://
doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2016.34.1.10252
Buljan J, Kral I (2011) Introduction to treatment of tannery effluents. UNIDO, Vienna
Camplin WC (2001) Effect of paper and pulp factory of Indonesia on the growth and yield potential
of cereal crops. Environ Pollut 33:324–331
Cassano A, Molinari R, Romano M, Drioli E (2001) Treatment of aqueous effluents of the leather
industry by membrane processes: a review. J Memb Sci 181(1):111–126. https://doi.org/10.
1016/S0376-7388(00)00399-9
Cassano A, Della PL, Drioli E (2007) Integrated membrane process for the recovery of chromium
salts from tannery effluents. Ind Eng Chem Res 46(21):6825–6830. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ie070144n
592
N. Patel et al.