16.6.1 Waste Management
Fundamental control practices have to be adopted in order to reduce the harmful
impact of tannery industry; the general waste management hierarchy must include
prevention and reduction of waste, recycle and reuse along with treatment, and
disposal of waste (Tare et al. 2003).
16.6.2 Cleaner Technology for Leather Manufacturing
It will reduce the cost of environmental compliance due to reduction in effluent
loadings and saving in chemical cost used in manufacture of leather. The need to
adopt cleaner technology emerges environmental imperatives, such as reduction in
treatment cost, need to meet specific discharge needs, and to provide occupational
safety and health standards (Germann 1999). It is good to see that now a days every
tannery industry has developed some wastewater management systems and use
several on site cleaning equipments (Mizan et al. 2016).
16.6.3 Management and Disposal of Sludge
The main purpose of sludge management or disposal is not only limited to reduction
of material by the weight or volume that has to be transported but also to attain the
dry matter content. Sludge coming from primary clarification, secondary clarification, and tertiary clarification is transferred to the sludge thickener by the help of a
pumping system. After that, water is removed by sludge drying beds, or in some
cases, mechanical dewatering is done by centrifuge. And finally, solid is obtained
which can be processed more easily (Dixit et al. 2015).
16.6.4 Utilization of Sludge
Sludge generated from tanneries consists of greater heavy metal content, and greater
inorganic matter content especially compound content of chromium and sulfur. A
number of methods for disposal or utilization of safe tannery sludge have been
proposed, practiced, tested, and applied at industrial scale that consists of vitrification, land filling, composting, stabilization, and anaerobic digestion. But none of the
abovementioned methods have been founded to be satisfactory enough, and no
effective universal solution has been provided for sludge utilization, till now. So,
detailed investigation has to be done in order to provide a solution for sludge
utilization.
590
N. Patel et al.
Fundamental control practices have to be adopted in order to reduce the harmful
impact of tannery industry; the general waste management hierarchy must include
prevention and reduction of waste, recycle and reuse along with treatment, and
disposal of waste (Tare et al. 2003).
16.6.2 Cleaner Technology for Leather Manufacturing
It will reduce the cost of environmental compliance due to reduction in effluent
loadings and saving in chemical cost used in manufacture of leather. The need to
adopt cleaner technology emerges environmental imperatives, such as reduction in
treatment cost, need to meet specific discharge needs, and to provide occupational
safety and health standards (Germann 1999). It is good to see that now a days every
tannery industry has developed some wastewater management systems and use
several on site cleaning equipments (Mizan et al. 2016).
16.6.3 Management and Disposal of Sludge
The main purpose of sludge management or disposal is not only limited to reduction
of material by the weight or volume that has to be transported but also to attain the
dry matter content. Sludge coming from primary clarification, secondary clarification, and tertiary clarification is transferred to the sludge thickener by the help of a
pumping system. After that, water is removed by sludge drying beds, or in some
cases, mechanical dewatering is done by centrifuge. And finally, solid is obtained
which can be processed more easily (Dixit et al. 2015).
16.6.4 Utilization of Sludge
Sludge generated from tanneries consists of greater heavy metal content, and greater
inorganic matter content especially compound content of chromium and sulfur. A
number of methods for disposal or utilization of safe tannery sludge have been
proposed, practiced, tested, and applied at industrial scale that consists of vitrification, land filling, composting, stabilization, and anaerobic digestion. But none of the
abovementioned methods have been founded to be satisfactory enough, and no
effective universal solution has been provided for sludge utilization, till now. So,
detailed investigation has to be done in order to provide a solution for sludge
utilization.
590
N. Patel et al.